bims-ciryme 2019-06-16 papers

Issue of 2019‒06‒16
two papers selected by
Gabriela Da Silva Xavier
University of Birmingham

Annu Rev Nutr. 2019 Jun 10.

Time-Restricted Eating to Prevent and Manage Chronic Metabolic Diseases.

Amandine Chaix, Emily N C Manoogian, Girish C Melkani, Satchidananda Panda.

Molecular clocks are present in almost every cell to anticipate daily recurring and predictable changes, such as rhythmic nutrient availability, and to adapt cellular functions accordingly. At the same time, nutrient-sensing pathways can respond to acute nutrient imbalance and modulate and orient metabolism so cells can adapt optimally to a declining or increasing availability of nutrients. Organismal circadian rhythms are coordinated by behavioral rhythms such as activity-rest and feeding-fasting cycles to temporally orchestrate a sequence of physiological processes to optimize metabolism. Basic research in circadian rhythms has largely focused on the functioning of the self-sustaining molecular circadian oscillator, while research in nutrition science has yielded insights into physiological responses to caloric deprivation or to specific macronutrients. Integration of these two fields into actionable new concepts in the timing of food intake has led to the emerging practice of time-restricted eating. In this paradigm, daily caloric intake is restricted to a consistent window of 8-12 h. This paradigm has pervasive benefits on multiple organ systems. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition Volume 39 is August 21, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124320

Nat Commun. 2019 Jun 12. 10(1): 2563

Non-coding cis-element of Period2 is essential for maintaining organismal circadian behaviour and body temperature rhythmicity.

Masao Doi, Hiroyuki Shimatani, Yuta Atobe, Iori Murai, Hida Hayashi, Yukari Takahashi, Jean-Michel Fustin, Yoshiaki Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Nobuya Koike, Kazuhiro Yagita, Choogon Lee, Manabu Abe, Kenji Sakimura, Hitoshi Okamura.

Non-coding cis-regulatory elements are essential determinants of development, but their exact impacts on behavior and physiology in adults remain elusive. Cis-element-based transcriptional regulation is believed to be crucial for generating circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology. However, genetic evidence supporting this model is based on mutations in the protein-coding sequences of clock genes. Here, we report generation of mutant mice carrying a mutation only at the E'-box cis-element in the promoter region of the core clock gene Per2. The Per2 E'-box mutation abolishes sustainable molecular clock oscillations and renders circadian locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms unstable. Without the E'-box, Per2 messenger RNA and protein expression remain at mid-to-high levels. Our work delineates the Per2 E'-box as a critical nodal element for keeping sustainable cell-autonomous circadian oscillation and reveals the extent of the impact of the non-coding cis-element in daily maintenance of animal locomotor activity and body temperature rhythmicity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10532-2