bims-chumac 2023-05-07 papers

Issue of 2023–05–07
four papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society

Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2023 ;16 1521-1532

The Effect of Moral Behavior on Facial Attractiveness.

Jinhui Li, Dexian He, Wei Zhang, Ruiwang Huang, Xianyou He.

Purpose: Evaluating face attractiveness is a core aspect of face perception, which plays an important role in impression formation. A more reliable source of information in impression formation is moral behavior, which forms the primary basis for the comprehensive evaluation of others. Previous studies have found that one can easily form an association when faces and moral behaviors are presented together, which in turn affects facial attractiveness evaluation. However, little is known of the extent to which these learned associations affect facial attractiveness and whether the influence of moral behavior on facial attractiveness was related to facial appearance.
Methods: We used the associative learning paradigm and manipulated face presentation duration (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2) and response deadline (Experiment 2) to investigate these issues. Under these conditions, the association information was difficult to be retrieved. Participants learned associations between faces and scenes of moral behavior, and then evaluated facial attractiveness.
Results: We found that both moral behavior and facial appearance influence facial attractiveness under conditions where associated information was difficult to retrieve, and their effects increased with the increase of face presentation time. With increasing response deadlines, the effect of moral behavior on facial attractiveness increased. The influence of moral behavior on facial attractiveness was associated with facial appearance.
Conclusion: These results suggest that moral behavior continuously affects facial attractiveness. Our findings expand previous research by showing a robust influence of moral behavior on facial attractiveness evaluation, and highlight the important role of moral character in impression formation.

Keywords: facial appearance; facial attractiveness; learning; moral behavior

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S408741

J Youth Adolesc. 2023 May 05.

Adolescents' Love Lives: Heterogeneity in Relationship Status Trajectories and Links with Affect.

Marta Tienda, Sara I Villalta, Rachel E Goldberg, Dawn Koffman.

Romantic experiences are more fluid and heterogeneous during middle adolescence than at any other life stage, but current understanding of this heterogeneity and flux is limited because of imprecise measurement. A sample of 531 adolescents (55% female; 28% non-Hispanic White; 32% Black; 27% Hispanic; 14% Other) recruited from an ongoing birth cohort study (Mean age = 16.7 years, SD = 0.358), was administered bi-weekly diaries over 52 weeks to prospectively record transitions in and out of romantic and sexual relationships and to assess links with positive affect (frequency of happiness) and negative affect (frequency of sadness). Relationship statuses considered included not only dating, but also liminal and asymmetrical statuses such as talking/flirting and crushes. Latent profile analyses revealed six relationship status trajectories, or love life profiles, based on the number of intra-year partners and on the extent of involvement in each of the relationship statuses. Approximately half of teens either were in stable dating relationships or uninvolved romantically during the year; however, half experienced variable levels of flux in their love lives. Relationship instability, not romantic involvement per se, was associated with higher levels of sadness and lower levels of happiness. Snapshots of teen romantic involvement based on one or two points in time obscure the extent of relationship heterogeneity and flux and how relationship status trajectories are associated with positive and negative affect.

Keywords: Adolescent romantic relationships; Affect; Diary study; Latent profile analysis; Relationship status trajectories

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01783-w

Eat Behav. 2023 Apr 27. pii: S1471-0153(23)00035-1. [Epub ahead of print]49 101735

Social media and dating app use are differentially related to same- and next-day disordered eating pathology in young men with loss of control eating.

Nichole R Kelly, Derek Kosty, Gina Williamson, Claire Guidinger, Elizabeth W Cotter.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether social networking site (SNS) and dating app use is associated with disordered eating in young men.
METHODS: 42 men (18-35y) who reported ≥4 loss of control (LOC) eating episodes in the prior month completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol. Five times throughout the day, participants responded to prompts regarding their dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and LOC eating. Each night at ~10 pm, participants reported their total time spent on SNSs and dating apps/websites within the last day.
RESULTS: 39 out of 42 cisgender men (Mage = 25.1 ± 5.3 years; 47 % non-Hispanic White, 29 % Black or African American; 63 % non-students; 87 % heterosexual) reported using SNSs and/or dating apps. Neither SNS nor dating app use was associated with body dissatisfaction. Dating app use with associated with higher same- (r2 equivalent = 0.022, p = .003) and next-day dietary restraint (r2 equivalent = 0.016, p = .02); SNS use was not. More SNS use was associated with lower odds of same- (OR [95 % CI] = 0.86 [0.75, 0.99], p = .044) and next-day LOC eating (OR [95 % CI] = 0.82 [0.71, 0.96], p = .011); links with dating app use were non-significant.
DISCUSSION: Non-significant links for SNS and dating app use with body dissatisfaction, and inverse associations with LOC eating, are contrary to research conducted with girls and women. Research is needed to evaluate whether the quality of SNS and dating app engagement (e.g., specific sites) are more closely related to men's disordered eating, and this work should consider muscularity concerns.

Keywords: Body dissatisfaction; Dating apps; Dietary restraint; Loss of control eating; Men; Social media; Social networking sites

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101735

Pediatrics. 2023 May 02. pii: e2022059654. [Epub ahead of print]

Long-term Adverse Outcomes Associated With Teen Dating Violence: A Systematic Review.

Antonio Piolanti, Franziska Waller, Iason E Schmid, Heather M Foran.

CONTEXT: Evidence suggests that teen dating violence (TDV) is associated with long-term adverse outcomes, but these associations have not been systematically assessed.
OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review of the longitudinal associations between TDV and negative outcomes, including mental and physical health, reoccurrence of violence in intimate relationships, and high-risk behaviors (substance use and sexual behaviors).
DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed articles published in English were searched in PsycINFO/Eric/PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science database from inception to November 2022.
STUDY SELECTION: Prospective studies that assessed TDV during adolescence, had a follow-up of at least ≥1 year, and evaluated the associations of TDV with health, violence in romantic intimate relationships, or risk behaviors were included.
DATA EXTRACTION: Study characteristics, baseline data, and follow-up outcomes were extracted from included studies.
RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies involving 23 unique samples were analyzed. Findings showed that TDV in adolescence was associated with future teen dating and intimate partner violence in adulthood. Studies also indicated that TDV was longitudinally associated with increasing high-risk behaviors (i.e., marijuana and alcohol use) and poor mental health outcomes (particularly for victimization). There was unclear evidence on the longitudinal link between TDV and suicidal attempts. Significant associations between TDV and negative outcomes were reported more frequently among females compared with males.
LIMITATIONS: Length of follow-up varied across studies.
CONCLUSIONS: Dating violence in adolescence may represent a risk factor for a wide range of long-term outcomes. Female adolescents reporting TDV may be at higher risk of adverse outcomes compared with males.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-059654