bims-biprem Biomed News
on Bioprinting for regenerative medicine
Issue of 2025–02–09
eight papers selected by
Seerat Maqsood, University of Teramo
  1. Advances in three-dimensional printing of hydrogel formulations for vascularized tissue and organ regeneration.
  2. Advances in growth factor-containing 3D printed scaffolds in orthopedics.
  3. Applications of biocompatible polymeric nanomaterials in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds: Bacterial infections and diabetes.
  4. Advances in 4D Bioprinting: The Next Frontier in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Applications.
  5. Recent advances in 3D bioprinted neural models: A systematic review on the applications to drug discovery.
  6. Biopolymeric 3D printed scaffolds as a versatile tissue engineering treatment for congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
  7. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ester amide)-based materials for 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds.
  8. 3D bioprinting lobule-like hepatorganoids with induced vascularization for orthotopic implantation.
  1. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2025 Feb 03. 1-43
    Advances in three-dimensional printing of hydrogel formulations for vascularized tissue and organ regeneration.
    Tien Dat Nguyen, Thanh-Qua Nguyen, Van Toi Vo, Thi-Hiep Nguyen.
      Over the last decades, three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as one of the most promising alternative tissue and organ regeneration technologies. Recent advances in 3D printing technology, particularly in hydrogel-derived bioink formulations, offer promising solutions for fabricating intricate, biomimetic scaffolds that promote vascularization. In this review, we presented numerous studies that have been conducted to fabricate 3D-printed hydrogel vascularized constructs with significant advancements in printing integumentary systems, cardiovascular systems, vascularized bone tissues, skeletal muscles, livers, and kidneys. Furthermore, this work also discusses the engineering considerations, current challenges, proposed solutions, and future outlooks of 3D bioprinting.
    Keywords:  3D printing; advances; hydrogel bioinks; tissue engineering; vascularization
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2024.2449294
  2. Biomed Eng Online. 2025 Feb 07. 24(1): 14
    Advances in growth factor-containing 3D printed scaffolds in orthopedics.
    Longwen Zhan, Yigui Zhou, Ruitang Liu, Ruilong Sun, Yunfei Li, Yongzheng Tian, Bo Fan.
      Currently, bone tissue engineering is a research hotspot in the treatment of orthopedic diseases, and many problems in orthopedics can be solved through bone tissue engineering, which can be used to treat fractures, bone defects, arthritis, etc. More importantly, it can provide an alternative to traditional bone grafting and solve the problems of insufficient autologous bone grafting, poor histocompatibility of grafts, and insufficient induced bone regeneration. Growth factors are key factors in bone tissue engineering by promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, which in turn increases the efficiency of osteogenesis and bone regeneration. 3D printing technology can provide carriers with better pore structure for growth factors to improve the stability of growth factors and precisely control their release. Studies have shown that 3D-printed scaffolds containing growth factors provide a better choice for personalized treatment, bone defect repair, and bone regeneration in orthopedics, which are important for the treatment of orthopedic diseases and have potential research value in orthopedic applications. This paper aims to summarize the research progress of 3D printed scaffolds containing growth factors in orthopedics in recent years and summarize the use of different growth factors in 3D scaffolds, including bone morphogenetic proteins, platelet-derived growth factors, transforming growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factors, etc. Optimization of material selection and the way of combining growth factors with scaffolds are also discussed.
    Keywords:  3D printing; Bone regeneration; Growth factors; Scaffolds
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-025-01346-z
  3. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jan 31. pii: S0141-8130(25)00880-3. [Epub ahead of print]301 140331
    Applications of biocompatible polymeric nanomaterials in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds: Bacterial infections and diabetes.
    Sargol Aminnezhad, Nabaz Hamarashid Hama, Ayad H Hasan, Fatemeh Bagheri, Mehran Alavi.
      Printed form of polymeric nanomaterials in formation, crosslinking, structure, properties, toxicity and biocompatibility refers to the application of nanotechnology and 3D printing techniques to fabricate polymeric nanomaterials with specific physicochemical and biomedical features. In this regard, applications of 3D printing techniques, specifically for production of 3D scaffold have received huge attention in diabetes and bacterial infections. This review has tried to address recent advances and challenges related to applications of biocompatible polymeric nanomaterials in 3D printing techniques to ameliorate bacterial infections and diabetes. The applications of metal/metal oxide such as silver, gold, zinc, and titanium dioxide, and polymeric nanoparticles can augment the antimicrobial and degradation characteristics of 3D-printed scaffolds. The rapid advancements in 3D bio-printed scaffolds, specifically by artificial intelligence (AI) present a transformative landscape for diabetes treatment, addressing the complex challenges associated with impaired wound healing and tissue regeneration in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
    Keywords:  3D-printed scaffolds; Artificial intelligence; Bacterial infections; Diabetes mellitus; Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles; Wound healing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140331
  4. Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Feb;14(4): e2403065
    Advances in 4D Bioprinting: The Next Frontier in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Applications.
    Sareh Abolhassani, Roya Fattahi, Farzaneh Safshekan, Jamileh Saremi, Elham Hasanzadeh.
      4D bioprinting is a critical advancement in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), enabling the creation of structures that dynamically respond to environmental stimuli over time. This review investigates various fabrication techniques and responsive materials that are central to these fields. It underscores the integration of multi-material and biocomposite approaches in 4D bioprinting, which is crucial for fabricating complex and functional constructs with heterogeneous properties. Using 4D bioprinting techniques enhances the mimicry of natural tissue characteristics, offering tailored responses and improved integration with biological systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the synergy between 4D bioprinting and tissue engineering and demonstrates the technology's potential for developing tissues and organs. In regenerative medicine, 4D bioprinting's applications extend to creating smart implants and advanced drug delivery systems that adapt to the body's changes, promoting healing and tissue regeneration. Finally, the challenges and future directions of 4D bioprinting are also explored and emphasize its transformative impact on biomedical engineering and the future of healthcare.
    Keywords:  4D printing; bioprinting; drug delivery; medical applications; regenerative medicine; smart biomaterials; tissue engineering
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202403065
  5. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2025 Feb 01. pii: S0169-409X(25)00009-2. [Epub ahead of print] 115524
    Recent advances in 3D bioprinted neural models: A systematic review on the applications to drug discovery.
    Amanda Orr, Farnoosh Kalantarnia, Shama Nazir, Behzad Bolandi, Dominic Alderson, Kerrin O'Grady, Mina Hoorfar, Lisa M Julian, Stephanie M Willerth.
      The design of neural tissue models with architectural and biochemical relevance to native tissues opens the way for the fundamental study and development of therapies for many disorders with limited treatment options. Here, we systematically review the most recent literature on 3D bioprinted neural models, including their potential for use in drug screening. Neural tissues that model the central nervous system (CNS) from the relevant literature are reviewed with comprehensive summaries of each study, and discussion of the model types, bioinks and additives, cell types used, bioprinted construct shapes and culture time, and the characterization methods used. In this review, we accentuate the lack of standardization among characterization methods to analyze the functionality (including chemical, metabolic and other pathways) and mechanical relevance of the 3D bioprinted constructs, and discuss this as a critical area for future exploration. These gaps must be addressed for this technology to be applied for effective drug screening applications, despite its enormous potential for rapid and efficient drug screening. The future of biomimetic, 3D printed neural tissues is promising and evaluation of the in vivo relevance on multiple levels should be sought to adequately compare model performance and develop viable treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases, or other conditions that affect the CNS.
    Keywords:  3D bioprinting; 3D model characterization; Bioinks, Geometries; Cellular characterization; Construct culture; Drug discovery; Human induced pluripotent stem cells; Mechanical characterization; Neural progenitor cells; Neural stem cells; Neural tissue engineering; Systematic review
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2025.115524
  6. Int J Pharm. 2025 Feb 02. pii: S0378-5173(25)00149-8. [Epub ahead of print]672 125313
    Biopolymeric 3D printed scaffolds as a versatile tissue engineering treatment for congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
    Aikaterini Dedeloudi, Fatima Farzeen, Vlad-Nicolae Lesutan, Robyn Irwin, Matthew P Wylie, Sune Andersen, Mary Patrice Eastwood, Dimitrios A Lamprou.
      Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare disease in which neonates are born with pulmonary hypoplasia and a diaphragmatic defect. Survival is improving due to advances in fetal intervention for pulmonary hypoplasia leading to increased use of scaffolds for repair. Scaffolds have a significant morbidity rate with recurrence, small bowel obstruction and infrequently postoperative infections. 3D printing (3DP) is a promising technology for the fabrication of personalized medical devices characterised by a more precise and targeted approach to tissue engineering and drug delivery. In this study, blank thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and gentamicin sulfate (GNS)-loaded filaments (1 % and 1.5 %wt.) were fabricated with hot melt extrusion (HME) and subsequently processed through 3DP for scaffold manufacturing. Geometrical attributes of the scaffolds, including a specific % infill, were predefined through computer aided design (CAD) and printing parameters were optimised. Physicochemical analysis involving material compatibility and thermal properties of all formulations were examined, determining their thermal and chemical stability during 3DP. Mechanical analysis showed that polymeric matrixes resemble to diaphragm tissue, exhibiting adequate and reproducible elastic performance, while cell studies confirmed TPU's supportive capacity for cellular attachment. Additionally, in vitro dissolution and bacterial studies were carried out for up to a week, denoting GNS's sustained release from the polymeric matrices and efficient bactericidal activity to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Therefore, TPU is a potential biomaterial that can be efficiently used for developing diverse 3D printed diaphragm-like scaffolds possessing antimicrobial activity for CDH.
    Keywords:  3D printing; Diaphragmatic hernia; Gentamicin sulfate; Scaffolds; Thermoplastic polyurethane; Tissue engineering
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125313
  7. J Mater Chem B. 2025 Feb 03.
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(ester amide)-based materials for 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds.
    Patrícia Dos Santos, Beatriz Alves, Sara Inocêncio, Pedro Nunes, Stephen M Richardson, Antonio Gloria, Arménio Serra, Ana Clotilde Fonseca, Marco Domingos.
      The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with imprinted physical, chemical and topographical cues is instrumental in tissue engineering strategies to instruct cell function and guide the regeneration of tissues. α-Amino acids based poly(ester amide)s (AAA-PEAs), combining the biocompatibility and biodegradability of polyesters with the superior mechanical properties of polyamides, have emerged as promising scaffolding materials. However, their processing via extrusion-based 3D printing remains challenging due to the lack of polymeric structures with suitable molecular weight and thermal stability. Here, we develop a new library of high molecular weight AAA-PEAs based on L-alanine (PEA-ala), L-alanine/glycine (PEA-ala-gly (75 : 25)) and L-alanine/glycine/jeffamine (PEA-ala-gly-jeff (50 : 25 : 25)) and investigate their performance as polymeric materials for 3D printing against commercially available poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Thermogravimetric analysis reveals the stability of AAA-PEAs at high temperatures, enabling their processing via melt-extrusion printing. Despite differences in complex viscosity between PCL and AAA-PEAs, highlighted by oscillatory rheology measurements, the printability of AAA-PEAs does not seem to be compromised, resulting in 3D scaffolds with good shape-fidelity. Additional physicochemical characterisation of synthesised materials also confirm the possibility of fabricating two-dimensional (2D) films and 3D scaffolds with different mechanical properties, wettability and degradation profiles, depending on the AAA-PEA used. Biological tests carried out in vitro confirm the ability of synthesised materials to support the adhesion and function of metabolically active human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). The newly synthesised AAA-PEAs expand the range of processable materials via melt-extrusion and contribute to the fabrication of scaffolds with tuneable physicochemical properties for improved tissue regeneration.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02220c
  8. Mater Today Bio. 2025 Apr;31 101515
    3D bioprinting lobule-like hepatorganoids with induced vascularization for orthotopic implantation.
    Jianing Yan, Zhichao Ye, Yiwei Lu, Yuyang Yuan, Xiaofeng Wang, Tingting Yan, Jun Yin, Yifan Wang.
      Orthotopic implantation in vivo is the ultimate target of tissue-engineering organoids research, aiming to achieve sustaining survival after implantation. However, the limited representation of a complex microenvironment in implanted accepter hampers a comprehensive understanding of long-term maintenance of tissue-engineering organoids, especially in liver. In this research, we developed a 3D bioprinting method using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to fabricate lobule-like hepatorganoids, which faithfully mimic the structure of hepatic lobules with lower level of hypoxia (lobule vs 60°, 90°, control; 0.4880 vs 1.009, 0.6778, 0.8704; p < 0.01), high secretion of albumin (lobule vs 60°, 90°, control; 13.47 vs 12.39, 12.65, 10.08 mg/L; p < 0.01) and urea (lobule vs 60°, 90°, control; 5.304 vs 5.233, 4.781, 4.358 mg/L; p < 0.01) in vitro; and promotion of angiogenesis and maintenance of activity following orthotopic implantation. Loaded with a prolonged released system of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and infused with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we developed a fabricating method of vascularized lobule-like hepatorganoids (VLH) which possessed promoted vascularization. We identified GAS6/AXL and LAMB3/ITGA3 signaling pathway up-regulated in VLH, which was conducive to vascularization and proliferation. Furthermore, orthotopic implantation model indicated that VLH exhibited prolonged survival in vivo, with elevated level of serological biomarkers and more abundant vascularization in grafts. Eventually, our findings demonstrate that this system effectively forms orthotopic implantation of hepatorganoids and facilitates vascularization, which may notably contribute to the understanding of transplantation, drug screening, and replacement therapy.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101515
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