bims-biprem Biomed News
on Bioprinting for regenerative medicine
Issue of 2024–10–27
six papers selected by
Seerat Maqsood, University of Teramo



  1. Mater Today Bio. 2024 Dec;29 101286
      Vascular tissue engineering faces significant challenges in creating in vitro vascular disease models, implantable vascular grafts, and vascularized tissue/organ constructs due to limitations in manufacturing precision, structural complexity, replicating the composited architecture, and mimicking the mechanical properties of natural vessels. Light-based 3D bioprinting, leveraging the unique advantages of light including high resolution, rapid curing, multi-material adaptability, and tunable photochemistry, offers transformative solutions to these obstacles. With the emergence of diverse light-based 3D bioprinting techniques and innovative strategies, the advances in vascular tissue engineering have been significantly accelerated. This review provides an overview of the human vascular system and its physiological functions, followed by an in-depth discussion of advancements in light-based 3D bioprinting, including light-dominated and light-assisted techniques. We explore the application of these technologies in vascular tissue engineering for creating in vitro vascular disease models recapitulating key pathological features, implantable blood vessel grafts, and tissue analogs with the integration of capillary-like vasculatures. Finally, we provide readers with insights into the future perspectives of light-based 3D bioprinting to revolutionize vascular tissue engineering.
    Keywords:  Blood vessel graft; In vitro vascular disease model; Light-based 3D bioprinting; Vascularized tissue/organ graft; vascular tissue engineering
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101286
  2. Mater Today Bio. 2024 Dec;29 101284
      Research in the field of regenerative medicine, which replaces or restores the function of human damaged organs is advancing rapidly. These advances are fostering important innovations in the development of artificial organs. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising technology for regenerative medicine applications. Among various techniques, digital light process (DLP) 3D bioprinting stands out for its ability to precisely create high-resolution, structurally complex artificial organs. This review explores the types and usage trends of DLP printing equipment, bioinks, and photoinitiators. Building on this foundation, the applications of DLP bioprinting for creating precise microstructures of human organs and for regenerating tissue and organ models in regenerative medicine are examined. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding DLP-based bioprinting, particularly for precision printing applications in regenerative medicine, are discussed.
    Keywords:  Bioinks; Bioprinting; Digital light process; Regenerative medicine; Resolution
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101284
  3. Gels. 2024 Oct 10. pii: 644. [Epub ahead of print]10(10):
      Constructing tissue/organ analogs with natural structures and cell types in vitro offers a valuable strategy for the in situ repair of damaged tissues/organs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a flexible method for fabricating these analogs. However, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting faces the challenge of balancing the use of soft bioinks with the need for high-fidelity geometric shapes. To address these challenges, recent advancements have introduced various suspension mediums based on gelatin, agarose, and gellan gum microgels. The emergence of these gel-based suspension mediums has significantly advanced the fabrication of tissue/organ constructs using 3D bioprinting. They effectively stabilize and support soft bioinks, enabling the formation of complex spatial geometries. Moreover, they provide a stable, cell-friendly environment that maximizes cell viability during the printing process. This minireview will summarize the properties, preparation methods, and potential applications of gel-based suspension mediums in constructing tissue/organ analogs, while also addressing current challenges and providing an outlook on the future of 3D bioprinting.
    Keywords:  3D bioprinting; gel-based suspension medium; tissue/organ analogs
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100644
  4. Exploration (Beijing). 2024 Oct;4(5): 20230141
      Scaffold-based tissue engineering provides an efficient approach for repairing uterine tissue defects and restoring fertility. In the current study, a novel trilayer tissue engineering scaffold with high similarity to the uterine tissue in structure was designed and fabricated via 4D printing, electrospinning and 3D bioprinting for uterine regeneration. Highly stretchable poly(l-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLLA-co-TMC, "PTMC" in short)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer blend scaffolds were firstly made via 4D printing. To improve the biocompatibility, porous poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) fibers incorporated with polydopamine (PDA) particles were produced on PTMC/TPU scaffolds via electrospinning. Importantly, estradiol (E2) was encapsulated in PDA particles. The bilayer scaffolds thus produced could provide controlled and sustained release of E2. Subsequently, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were mixed with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based inks and the formulated bioinks were used to fabricate a cell-laden hydrogel layer on the bilayer scaffolds via 3D bioprinting, forming ultimately biomimicking trilayer scaffolds for uterine tissue regeneration. The trilayer tissue engineering scaffolds thus formed exhibited a shape morphing ability by transforming from the planar shape to tubular structures when immersed in the culture medium at 37°C. The trilayer tissue engineering scaffolds under development would provide new insights for uterine tissue regeneration.
    Keywords:  3D bioprinting; 4D printing; controlled release; electrospinning; shape morphing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20230141
  5. Orthop Res Rev. 2024 ;16 251-259
      In the context of the digital revolution, 3D printing technology brings innovation to the personalized treatment of cervical spondylosis, a clinically common degenerative disease that severely impacts the quality of life and increases the economic burden of patients. Although traditional surgeries, medications, and physical therapies are somewhat effective, they often fail` to meet individual needs, thus affecting treatment adherence and outcomes. 3D printing, with its customizability, precision, material diversity, and short production cycles, shows tremendous potential in the treatment of cervical spondylosis. This review discusses the multiple applications of 3D printing in the treatment of cervical spondylosis, including the design, manufacture, and advantages of 3D-printed cervical collars, the role of 3D models in clinical teaching and surgical simulation, and the application of 3D-printed scaffolds and implants in cervical surgery. It also discusses the current challenges and future directions.
    Keywords:  3D printing; biomaterials; cervical collar; cervical spondylosis; orthopedic implants
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2147/ORR.S486438
  6. J Funct Biomater. 2024 Sep 25. pii: 280. [Epub ahead of print]15(10):
      Bone tissue regeneration is a rapidly evolving field aimed at the development of biocompatible materials and devices, such as scaffolds, to treat diseased and damaged osseous tissue. Functional scaffolds maintain structural integrity and provide mechanical support at the defect site during the healing process, while simultaneously enabling or improving regeneration through amplified cellular cues between the scaffold and native tissues. Ample research on functionalization has been conducted to improve scaffold-host tissue interaction, including fabrication techniques, biomaterial selection, scaffold surface modifications, integration of bioactive molecular additives, and post-processing modifications. Each of these methods plays a crucial role in enabling scaffolds to not only support but actively participate in the healing and regeneration process in bone and joint surgery. This review provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive overview of the functionalization of scaffold-based strategies used in tissue engineering, specifically for bone regeneration. Critical issues and obstacles are highlighted, applications and advances are described, and future directions are identified.
    Keywords:  3D printing; bone tissue regeneration; functionalization; osseous defects; scaffolds
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100280