bims-biprem Biomed News
on Bioprinting for regenerative medicine
Issue of 2024–09–29
nine papers selected by
Seerat Maqsood, University of Teramo



  1. Bioinformation. 2024 ;20(7): 789-794
      Biomimetic scaffold and 3D bioprinting technologies have emerged as promising avenues in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, offering innovative approaches to address the limitations of conventional tissue engineering methods. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in the field of biomimetic scaffold fabrication and 3D bioprinting techniques.
    Keywords:  Tissue scaffolds; regenerative medicine; three-dimensional printing; tissue engineering
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300200789
  2. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2024 Sep 26.
       INTRODUCTION: The challenge in tissue engineering lies in replicating the intricate structure of the native extracellular matrix. Recent advancements in AM, notably 3D printing, offer unprecedented capabilities to tailor scaffolds precisely, controlling properties like structure and bioactivity. CAD tools complement this by facilitating design using patient-specific data.
    AREA’S COVERED: This review introduces additive manufacturing (AM) and computer-aided design (CAD) as pivotal tools in advancing tissue engineering, particularly cartilage regeneration. This article explores various materials utilized in AM, focusing on polymers and hydrogels for their advantageous properties in tissue engineering applications. Integrating bioactive molecules, including growth factors, into scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration is discussed alongside strategies involving different cell sources, such as stem cells, to enhance tissue development within scaffold matrices.
    EXPERT OPINION: Applications of AM and CAD in addressing specific challenges like osteochondral defects and osteoarthritis in cartilage tissue engineering are highlighted. This review consolidates current research findings, offering expert insights into the evolving landscape of AM and CAD technologies in advancing tissue engineering, particularly in cartilage regeneration.
    Keywords:  3D printing; Additive manufacturing; cartilage regeneration; natural extracellular matrix (ECM); regenerative medicine; tissue engineering
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2024.2409913
  3. bioRxiv. 2024 Sep 15. pii: 2024.09.11.612457. [Epub ahead of print]
      Bioprinting of high cell-density bioinks is a promising technique for cellular condensation-based tissue engineering and regeneration medicine. However, it remains difficult to create precisely controlled complex structures and organization of tissues with high cell-density bioink-based bioprinting for tissue specific condensation. In this study, we present newly biofabricated tissues from directly assembled, tissue specific, high cell-density bioinks which have been three-dimensionally printed into a photocrosslinkable and biodegradable hydrogel microparticle supporting bath. Three types of tissue specific high cell-density bioinks have been prepared with individual stem cells or stem cell aggregates by incorporation of growth factor-loaded gelatin microparticles. The bioprinted tissue specific high cell-density bioinks in the photocrosslinked microgel supporting bath condense together and differentiate down tissue-specific lineages to form multi-phase tissues (e.g., osteochondral tissues). By changing the growth factors and cell types, these tissue specific high cell-density bioinks enable engineering of various functional tissues with controlled architecture and organization of cells.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.11.612457
  4. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2024 Sep 25. 40(9): 2934-2947
      Cardiovascular diseases are major diseases, and there is lack of artificial blood vessels with small diameters which can be applied in coronary artery bypass surgery. The conventional vascular scaffold preparation techniques in tissue engineering have shortcomings in regulating the diameter, geometric shape, and interconnectivity of the scaffold. 3D bioprinting can simulate the natural structure of the vascular tissue, accurately print live cells and biomaterials, and regulate the microstructure and porosity of scaffolds on the nanoscale, providing new ideas for vascular tissue engineering. This article systematically evaluates the classification of 3D bioprinting technologies and reviews the latest research progress of 3D bioprinting in vascular tissue engineering. It summarizes the advantages of 3D bioprinting and points out the problems that need to be solved, such as the immune rejection of blood vessel materials, providing reference for the further research.
    Keywords:  3D bioprinting; bio-ink; classification and evaluation; composite material; tissue-engineered blood vessel
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.13345/j.cjb.230857
  5. J Artif Organs. 2024 Sep 27.
      Improvements in the roll porous scaffold (RPS) 3D bioproduction technology will increase print density of 10-15 µm cells by ~ 20% up to ~ 1.5 × 108 cells/mL and purity of organoid formation by > 17%. The use of 360 and 1200 dpi inkjet printheads immediately enables biomanufacturing with 10-30 µm cells in a single organoid with performance > 1.8 L/h for 15 µm layer thickness. The spongy bioresorbable ribbon for RPS technology is designed to solve the problems of precise placement, leakage and increasing in the number of instantly useable cell types and superior to all currently dominant 3D bioprinting methods in speed, volume, and print density without the use of expensive equipment and components. The potential of RPS for parallel testing of new substances studied was not on animals, but using generated 3D biomodels "organ on a chip". Solid organoids are more suitable for personalized medicine with simultaneous checking of several treatment methods and drugs, targeted therapy for a specific patient in vitro using the 3D composition of his personal cells, and selection of the most effective ones with the least toxicity. Overcoming the shortage of organs for implantation and personal hormone replacement therapy for everyone was achieved using printed endocrine glands based on their DNA.
    Keywords:  3D bioprinting; Bioadditive manufacturing; Biodegradable polymer; Roll porous scaffold; Tissue engineering
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10047-024-01470-y
  6. MedComm (2020). 2024 Oct;5(10): e753
      Bioprinting is a highly promising application area of additive manufacturing technology that has been widely used in various fields, including tissue engineering, drug screening, organ regeneration, and biosensing. Its primary goal is to produce biomedical products such as artificial implant scaffolds, tissues and organs, and medical assistive devices through software-layered discrete and numerical control molding. Despite its immense potential, bioprinting technology still faces several challenges. It requires concerted efforts from researchers, engineers, regulatory bodies, and industry stakeholders are principal to overcome these challenges and unlock the full potential of bioprinting. This review systematically discusses bioprinting principles, applications, and future perspectives while also providing a topical overview of research progress in bioprinting over the past two decades. The most recent advancements in bioprinting are comprehensively reviewed here. First, printing techniques and methods are summarized along with advancements related to bioinks and supporting structures. Second, interesting and representative cases regarding the applications of bioprinting in tissue engineering, drug screening, organ regeneration, and biosensing are introduced in detail. Finally, the remaining challenges and suggestions for future directions of bioprinting technology are proposed and discussed. Bioprinting is one of the most promising application areas of additive manufacturing technology that has been widely used in various fields. It aims to produce biomedical products such as artificial implant scaffolds, tissues and organs, and medical assistive devices. This review systematically discusses bioprinting principles, applications, and future perspectives, which provides a topical description of the research progress of bioprinting.
    Keywords:  bioprinting; biosensor; disease modeling; microfluidics; regenerative medicine
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.753
  7. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2024 Sep 19. pii: S0169-409X(24)00278-3. [Epub ahead of print] 115456
      The ability of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting to fabricate biomimetic organ and disease models has been recognised to be promising for drug discovery and development as 3D bioprinted models can better mimic human physiology compared to two-dimensional (2D) cultures and animal models. This is useful for target selection where disease models can be studied to understand disease pathophysiology and identify disease-linked compounds. Lead identification and Preclinical studies also benefit from 3D bioprinting as 3D bioprinted models can be utilised in high-throughput screening (HTS) systems and produce efficacy and safety data that closely resembles clinical observations. Although no published applications of 3D bioprinting in clinical trials were found, there were two clinical trials planning to evaluate the predictive ability of 3D bioprinted models by comparing human and model responses to the same chemotherapy. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest applications of 3D bioprinting in drug discovery and development.
    Keywords:  3D bioprinting; Additive manufacturing; Clinical trials; High-throughput screening; In vitro drug testing; Lead identification; Preclinical studies; Target selection
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2024.115456
  8. Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Sep 21. 51(1): 1004
      In-vitro maturation (IVM) is the process of cultivating early-stage follicles from the primordial to the antral stage and facilitating the maturation of oocytes outside the body within a supportive environment. This intricate procedure requires the careful coordination of various factors to replicate the natural ovarian conditions. Advanced techniques for IVM are designed to mimic the natural ovarian environment and enhance the development of follicles. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide a more biologically relevant setting for follicle growth compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Traditional culture systems, often fail to support the complex process of follicle development effectively. However, modern engineered reproductive tissues and culture systems are making it possible to create increasingly physiological in-vitro models of folliculogenesis. These innovative methods are enabling researchers and clinicians to better replicate the dynamic and supportive environment of the ovary, thereby improving the outcomes of IVM offering new hope for fertility preservation and treatment. This paper focuses on the routine 3D culture, and innovative 3D culture of ovary and follicles, including a tissue engineering scaffolds, microfluidic (dynamic) culture system, organ-on-chip models, EVATAR system, from a clinical perspective to determine the most effective approach for achieving in-vitro maturation of follicles. These techniques provide critical support for ovarian function in various ovarian-associated disorders, including primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), premature ovarian failure (POF), ovarian cancer, and age-related infertility.
    Keywords:  3D culture; Artificial ovary; Extracellular matrix; Microfluidic; Organ-on-chip; Ovarian failure; Scaffolds
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09783-0
  9. Biofabrication. 2024 Sep 25.
      Collagen anisotropy is known to provide the essential topographical cues to guide tissue-specific cell function. Recent work has shown that extrusion-based printing using collagenous inks yield 3D scaffolds with high geometric precision and print fidelity. However, these scaffolds lack collagen anisotropy. In this study, extrusion-based 3D printing was combined with magnetic alignment approach in an innovative 4D printing scheme to generate 3D collagen scaffolds with high degree of collagen anisotropy. Specifically, the 4D printing process parameters - collagen (Col):xanthan gum (XG) ratio (Col:XG; 1:1, 4:1, 9:1 v/v), streptavidin-coated magnetic particle concentration (SMP; 0, 0.2, 0.4 mg/ml), and print flow speed (2, 3 mm/s) - were modulated and the effects of these parameters on rheological properties, print fidelity, and collagen alignment were assessed. Further, the effects of collagen anisotropy on human MSC (hMSC) morphology, orientation, metabolic activity, and ligamentous differentiation were investigated. Results showed that increasing the XG composition (Col:XG 1:1) enhanced ink viscosity and yielded scaffolds with good print fidelity but poor collagen alignment. On the other hand, use of inks with lower XG composition (Col:XG 4:1 and 9:1) together with 0.4 mg/ml SMP concentration yielded scaffolds with high degree of collagen alignment albeit with suboptimal print fidelity. Modulating the print flow speed conditions (2 mm/s) with 4:1 Col:XG inks and 0.4 mg/ml SMP resulted in improved print fidelity of the collagen scaffolds while retaining high level of collagen anisotropy. Cell studies revealed hMSCs orient uniformly on aligned collagen scaffolds. More importantly, collagen anisotropy was found to trigger tendon or ligament-like differentiation of hMSCs. Together, these results suggest that 4D printing is a viable strategy to generate anisotropic collagen scaffolds with significant potential for use in musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications.
    Keywords:  4D printing; collagen; extrusion; ligaments; magnetic alignment; tissue engineering
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ad7f8f