bims-bicyki 2022-12-04 papers

bims-bicyki

Biomed News

on Bicaudal-C1 and interactors in cystic kidney disease

Issue of 2022–12–04
eleven papers selected by
Céline Gagnieux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Inhibition of deubiquitinase USP28 attenuates cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Practical Issues in the Management of Polycystic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure and Water Balance.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Management.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for kidney failure in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: A retrospective study.
Establishment of transgenic pigs overexpressing human PKD2-D511V mutant.
WDR47 facilitates ciliogenesis by modulating intraflagellar transport.
Endothelial cilia dysfunction in pathogenesis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Dual SMAD inhibition enhances the longevity of human epididymis epithelial cells.
Autophagy and the primary cilium in cell metabolism: What's upstream?
Primary cilia suppress Ripk3-mediated necroptosis.
CD206+ resident macrophages are a candidate biomarker for renal cystic disease in preclinical models and patients with ADPKD.

Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Nov 25. pii: S0006-2952(22)00450-6. [Epub ahead of print] 115355

Inhibition of deubiquitinase USP28 attenuates cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Ying Ren, Xiaodan Zhu, Kequan Fu, Haoran Zhang, Wenchao Zhao, Yang Lin, Qian Fang, Junqi Wang, Yupeng Chen, Dong Guo.

  Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease, which is characterized by progressive growth of multiple renal cysts in bilateral kidneys. In the past decades, mechanistic studies have entailed many essential signalling pathways that were regulated through post-translational modifications (PTMs) during cystogenesis. Among the numerous PTMs involved, the effect of ubiquitination and deubiquitination remains largely unknown. Herein, we identified that USP28, a deubiquitinase aberrantly upregulated in patients with ADPKD, selectively removed K48-linked polyubiquitination and reversed protein degradation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We also observed that USP28 could directly interact with and stabilize c-Myc, a transcriptional target of STAT3. Both processes synergistically enhanced renal cystogenesis. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of USP28 attenuated the cyst formation both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, USP28 regulates STAT3 turnover and its transcriptional target c-Myc in ADPKD. USP28 inhibition could be a novel therapeutic strategy against ADPKD.

Keywords:  ADPKD; STAT3; USP28; c-Myc; cystogenesis

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115355
Electrolyte Blood Press. 2022 Jun;20(1): 10-16

Practical Issues in the Management of Polycystic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure and Water Balance.

Polycystic Kidney Disease Study Group

  Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common hereditary renal disease affecting more than 13 million people worldwide. Renal function deteriorates as the cysts in both kidneys increase in number and size, which eventually results in end-stage kidney failure. Until recently, conservative management for chronic kidney disease such as blood pressure control, low sodium diet, adequate water intake, and weight control were known for the only treatment of polycystic kidney disease. However, the introduction of disease-modifying drug has led to the new paradigm shift in the management of polycystic kidney disease. Tolvaptan, the vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, has been introduced to the patients with large kidneys since it can inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate, attenuates cyst growth, and delays renal failure. This article reviews the two important practical issues in the management of polycystic kidney disease: blood pressure and water balance. Firstly, the article will review the pathogenesis of high blood pressure in polycystic kidney disease and will demonstrate the current up-to-date management plan for blood pressure control. Secondly, this article will explain the mechanism of Tolvaptan on the treatment of polycystic kidney disease and its possible adverse effect on water and sodium balance.

Keywords:  Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; Blood pressure; Vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist; Water balance

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2022.20.1.10
Radiographics. 2023 Jan;43(1): e220126

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Management.

Devang Odedra, Sandra Sabongui, Korosh Khalili, Nicola Schieda, York Pei, Satheesh Krishna.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disorder with progressive renal function decline, and disease severity is determined based on the type of genetic mutation. The diagnosis is usually established at imaging, primarily at US, and is based on age-dependent criteria and the number of visible cysts. ADPKD is classified into class 1 (typical) and class 2 (atypical) according to the Mayo Clinic Imaging Classification (MCIC) system. Height-adjusted total kidney volume (TKV) has emerged as a predictor of future renal function decline and renal failure in ADPKD, and several methods can be used for estimation. MCIC class 1 ADPKD is further subdivided into five types based on height-adjusted TKV (A, B, C, D, and E). Patients with a larger height-adjusted TKV (ie, MCIC 1C-E) are at high risk for progression to end-stage renal disease and will potentially benefit from vasopressin receptor antagonists, which have been shown to reduce the rate of cyst growth and slow renal function decline. Other renal complications primarily relate to hemorrhage within cysts or cyst infections. Subtraction images are key for assessment of complex cysts when malignancy is suspected, as the presence of protein and blood can limit the assessment for an enhancing component. The radiologist has a central role in establishing a diagnosis, excluding mimics, identifying complications, assessing severity, and predicting future renal failure. Interventional radiologists play a therapeutic role in management of complications by cyst drainage, sclerotherapy, or embolization. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material and the slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting are available for this article.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.220126
Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Nov 25. 101(47): e31838

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for kidney failure in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: A retrospective study.

Hanil Park, Jin Hyuk Paek, Yaerim Kim, Woo Yeong Park, Seungyeup Han, Kyubok Jin.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a hereditary and progressive renal disease. By the age of 65 years, 45% to 70% of patients with ADPKD reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although there are various treatments for this condition, no standard therapy exists to delay the progression of ADPKD. Hence, understanding the factors that affect disease progression may be helpful for the treatment of ADPKD. The medical records of 288 patients with ADPKD at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center between January 1989 and August 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Furthermore, we inspected the risk factors involved in the progression of ADPKD and the kidney survival rates of patients using the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 43.1 ± 14.1 years, and there were 146 males (50.7%). In total, 197 patients (68.4%) had hypertension and 11 patients (3.8%) had cerebral aneurysm. Stroke occurred in 35 patients (12.1%), including 11 cases of cerebral hemorrhage and 24 cases of cerebral infarction. Twenty-eight patients (9.7%) died during the follow-up period (117.1 ± 102.1 months). Infection (42.9%) was the most common cause of mortality, followed by sudden cardiac death (25.0%). Overall, 132 patients (45.8%) progressed to ESRD and 104 patients (36.1%) required renal replacement therapy (RRT). The mean duration from diagnosis to RRT was 110.8 ± 93.9 months. Age at diagnosis after 30 years (odd's ratio [OR], 2.737; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.320-5.675; P = .007), baseline serum creatinine levels (OR, 1.326; 95% CI, 1.259-1.396; P < .001), and cyst infection (OR, 2.065; 95% CI, 1.242-3.433; P = .005) were the independent risk factors for kidney failure in multivariable analysis. To delay the advance of ADPKD to ESRD, early diagnosis and close observation for the onset of cyst infection are crucial.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000031838
Front Genet. 2022 ;13 1059682

Establishment of transgenic pigs overexpressing human PKD2-D511V mutant.

Yuan Zhang, Saifei Xu, Qiao Jin, Jianing Luo, Ce Gao, Sakthidasan Jayaprakash, Huanan Wang, Lenan Zhuang, Jin He.

  Numerous missense mutations have been reported in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease which is one of the most common renal genetic disorders. The underlying mechanism for cystogenesis is still elusive, partly due to the lack of suitable animal models. Currently, we tried to establish a porcine transgenic model overexpressing human PKD2-D511V (hPKD2-D511V), which is a dominant-negative mutation in the vertebrate in vitro models. A total of six cloned pigs were finally obtained using somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, five with functional hPKD2-D511V died shortly after birth, leaving only one with the dysfunctional transgenic event to survive. Compared with the WT pigs, the demised transgenic pigs had elevated levels of hPKD2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, no renal malformation was observed, indicating that hPKD2-D511V did not alter normal kidney development. RNA-seq analysis also revealed that several ADPKD-related pathways were disturbed when overexpressing hPKD2-D511V. Therefore, our study implies that hPKD2-D511V may be lethal due to the dominant-negative effect. Hence, to dissect how PKD2-D511V drives renal cystogenesis, it is better to choose in vitro or invertebrate models.

Keywords:  ADPKD; PKD2; disease model; kidney; transgenic pig

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1059682
J Cell Sci. 2022 Dec 01. pii: jcs.260303. [Epub ahead of print]

WDR47 facilitates ciliogenesis by modulating intraflagellar transport.

Chun-Xue Song, Xian-Ting Zeng, Wan-Xin Zeng, Rong Liu, Xia-Jing Tong, Qian Li.

  Cilia are conserved organelles found in many cell types in eukaryotes, and their dysfunction causes defects in environmental sensing and signaling transduction; such defects are termed ciliopathies. Distinct cilia have cell-specific morphologies and exert distinct functions. However, the underlying mechanisms of cell-specific ciliogenesis and regulation are unclear. Here we identified a WD40-repeat (WDR) protein, WDR47/NMTN-1, and show that it is specifically required for ciliogenesis of AWB chemosensory neurons in C. elegans. WDR47/NMTN-1 is expressed in the AWB chemosensory neuron pair, and is enriched at the basal body (BB) of the AWB cilia. Knockout of wdr47/nmtn-1 causes abnormal AWB neuron cilia morphology, structural integrity, and induces aberrant AWB-mediated aversive behaviors. We further demonstrate that wdr47/nmtn-1 deletion affects movement of intraflagellar transport (IFT) particles and their cargo delivery in AWB neurons. Our results indicate that WDR47/NMTN-1 is essential for AWB neuron ciliary morphology and function, which reveal a novel mechanism for cell-specific ciliogenesis. Since WDR47/NMTN-1 is conserved in mammals, our findings may help understand the process of cell-specific ciliogenesis and provide insights for treating ciliopathies.

Keywords:  Chemosensory neurons; Cilia; Intraflagellar transport; WD40-repeat protein

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.260303
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 ;10 1037453

Endothelial cilia dysfunction in pathogenesis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Shahram Eisa-Beygi, Patricia E Burrows, Brian A Link.

  Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is associated with defective capillary network, leading to dilated superficial vessels and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in which arteries connect directly to the veins. Loss or haploinsufficiency of components of TGF-β signaling, ALK1, ENG, SMAD4, and BMP9, have been implicated in the pathogenesis AVMs. Emerging evidence suggests that the inability of endothelial cells to detect, transduce and respond to blood flow, during early development, is an underpinning of AVM pathogenesis. Therefore, components of endothelial flow detection may be instrumental in potentiating TGF-β signaling in perfused blood vessels. Here, we argue that endothelial cilium, a microtubule-based and flow-sensitive organelle, serves as a signaling hub by coupling early flow detection with potentiation of the canonical TGF-β signaling in nascent endothelial cells. Emerging evidence from animal models suggest a role for primary cilia in mediating vascular development. We reason, on recent observations, that endothelial cilia are crucial for vascular development and that embryonic loss of endothelial cilia will curtail TGF-β signaling, leading to associated defects in arteriovenous development and impaired vascular stability. Loss or dysfunction of endothelial primary cilia may be implicated in the genesis of AVMs due, in part, to inhibition of ALK1/SMAD4 signaling. We speculate that AVMs constitute part of the increasing spectrum of ciliopathy-associated vascular defects.

Keywords:  BMP signaling; Endothelial cilia; TGF-β; Vascular disease; Zebrafish

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.1037453
Cell Tissue Res. 2022 Dec 01.

Dual SMAD inhibition enhances the longevity of human epididymis epithelial cells.

Giuliana C Coatti, Alekh Paranjapye, Ann Harris.

  Primary human epididymis epithelial (HEE) cells are valuable reagents for functional studies on the human epididymis. We used them previously to determine the transcriptional networks that establish cell identity along the length of the epididymis from caput, corpus, and cauda. These studies on HEE cells and organoids derived from them revealed important cellular properties. However, similar to other primary cells, HEE cells undergo replicative senescence and de-differentiation in culture. A cocktail of small molecules was shown elsewhere to extend longevity of epithelial basal cells. The components included transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists, WNT agonist, and Rho-associated and coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (ROCKi), which together prevented the senescence-related upregulation of TGF-β signaling pathway members. Here, we treat HEE cells with the same cocktail and observed enhanced replicative potential and prolonged expression of markers of HEE differentiation. This treatment expands the differentiated HEE cell population available from individual epididymis tissue samples that can be used for molecular, cellular, and functional studies.

Keywords:  Epididymis; Primary human epididymis epithelial cells; SMAD

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-022-03712-y
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 ;10 1046248

Autophagy and the primary cilium in cell metabolism: What's upstream?

Aurore Claude-Taupin, Nicolas Dupont, Patrice Codogno.

  The maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to extracellular stimuli, i.e., nutrient and hormone signaling, hypoxia, or mechanical forces by autophagy, is vital for the health of various tissues. The primary cilium (PC) is a microtubule-based sensory organelle that regulates the integration of several extracellular stimuli. Over the past decade, an interconnection between autophagy and PC has begun to be revealed. Indeed, the PC regulates autophagy and in turn, a selective form of autophagy called ciliophagy contributes to the regulation of ciliogenesis. Moreover, the PC regulates both mitochondrial biogenesis and lipophagy to produce free fatty acids. These two pathways converge to activate oxidative phosphorylation and produce ATP, which is mandatory for cell metabolism and membrane transport. The autophagy-dependent production of energy is fully efficient when the PC senses shear stress induced by fluid flow. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk between autophagy, the PC and physical forces in the regulation of cell biology and physiology.

Keywords:  cell signaling; cilium; macroautophagy; mechanical forces; mitochondria

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.1046248
Cell Death Discov. 2022 Dec 02. 8(1): 477

Primary cilia suppress Ripk3-mediated necroptosis.

Emilia Kieckhöfer, Gisela G Slaats, Lena K Ebert, Marie-Christine Albert, Claudia Dafinger, Hamid Kashkar, Thomas Benzing, Bernhard Schermer.

Cilia are sensory organelles that project from the surface of almost all cells. Nephronophthisis (NPH) and NPH-related ciliopathies are degenerative genetic diseases caused by mutation of cilia-associated genes. These kidney disorders are characterized by progressive loss of functional tubular epithelial cells which is associated with inflammation, progressive fibrosis, and cyst formation, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. However, disease mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that targeted deletion of cilia in renal epithelial cells enhanced susceptibility to necroptotic cell death under inflammatory conditions. Treatment of non-ciliated cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and the SMAC mimetic birinapant resulted in Ripk1-dependent cell death, while viability of ciliated cells was almost not affected. Cell death could be enhanced and shifted toward necroptosis by the caspase inhibitor emricasan, which could be blocked by inhibitors of Ripk1 and Ripk3. Moreover, combined treatment of ciliated and non-ciliated cells with TNFα and cycloheximide induced a cell death response that could be partially rescued with emricasan in ciliated cells. In contrast, non-ciliated cells responded with pronounced cell death that was blocked by necroptosis inhibitors. Consistently, combined treatment with interferon-γ and emricasan induced cell death only in non-ciliated cells. Mechanistically, enhanced necroptosis induced by loss of cilia could be explained by induction of Ripk3 and increased abundance of autophagy components, including p62 and LC3 associated with the Ripk1/Ripk3 necrosome. Genetic ablation of cilia in renal tubular epithelial cells in mice resulted in TUNEL positivity and increased expression of Ripk3 in kidney tissue. Moreover, loss of Nphp1, the most frequent cause of NPH, further increased susceptibility to necroptosis in non-ciliated epithelial cells, suggesting that necroptosis might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Together, these data provide a link between cilia-related signaling and cell death responses and shed new light on the disease pathogenesis of NPH-related ciliopathies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-022-01272-2
Dis Model Mech. 2022 Dec 02. pii: dmm.049810. [Epub ahead of print]

CD206+ resident macrophages are a candidate biomarker for renal cystic disease in preclinical models and patients with ADPKD.

Zhang Li, Kurt A Zimmerman, Sreelakshmi Cherakara, Phillip Chumley, James F Collawn, Jun Wang, Courtney J Haycraft, Cheng J Song, Teresa Chacana, Reagan S Andersen, Mandy J Croyle, Ernald J Aloria, Raksha P Hombal, Isis N Thomas, Hanan Chweih, Kristin L Simanyi, James F George, John M Parant, Michal Mrug, Bradley K Yoder.

  Although renal macrophages have been shown to contribute to cystic kidney disease in PKD animal models, it remains unclear if there is a specific macrophage subpopulation involved. Here we analyze changes in macrophage populations during renal maturation in association with cystogenesis rates in conditional Pkd2 mutant mice. We demonstrate that CD206+ resident macrophages are minimal in a normal adult kidney but accumulate in cystic areas in adult-induced Pkd2 mutants. Using Cx3cr1 null mice, we reduced macrophage number, including CD206+ macrophages, and show this significantly reduces cyst severity in adult-induced Pkd2 mutant kidneys. We also found that the number of CD206+ resident macrophage-like cells increases in kidneys and in the urine from ADPKD patients relative to the rate of renal functional decline. These data indicate a direct correlation between CD206+ resident macrophages and cyst formation and demonstrate that the CD206+ resident macrophages in urine may serve as a biomarker for renal cystic disease activity in preclinical models and ADPKD patients.

Keywords:  ADPKD; Biomarker; CD206; Renal Disease and Progression; Renal Macrophages

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.049810