bims-agimec Biomed News
on Aging mechanisms
Issue of 2024–12–08
seven papers selected by
Metin Sökmen, Ankara Üniversitesi
  1. Cross-talk of inflammation and cellular senescence: a new insight into the occurrence and progression of osteoarthritis.
  2. Aging-associated sensory decline and Alzheimer's disease.
  3. Mitochondrial Transplantation in Brain Disorders: Achievements, Methods, and Challenges.
  4. The role of autoantibodies in bridging obesity, aging, and immunosenescence.
  5. Stem cell therapy in Alzheimer's disease: current status and perspectives.
  6. Aging and cancer: Clinical role of tumor markers in the geriatric population (Review).
  7. The dichotomic role of cytokines in aging.
  1. Bone Res. 2024 Dec 03. 12(1): 69
    Cross-talk of inflammation and cellular senescence: a new insight into the occurrence and progression of osteoarthritis.
    Zeyu Han, Ketao Wang, Shenglong Ding, Mingzhu Zhang.
      Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant challenge in orthopedics. Inflammatory pathways are regarded as central mechanisms in the onset and progression of OA. Growing evidence suggests that senescence acts as a mediator in inflammation-induced OA. Given the lack of effective treatments for OA, there is an urgent need for a clearer understanding of its pathogenesis. In this review, we systematically summarize the cross-talk between cellular senescence and inflammation in OA. We begin by focusing on the mechanisms and hallmarks of cellular senescence, summarizing evidence that supports the relationship between cellular senescence and inflammation. We then discuss the mechanisms of interaction between cellular senescence and inflammation, including senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) and the effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory interventions on cellular senescence. Additionally, we focus on various types of cellular senescence in OA, including senescence in cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium, infrapatellar fat pad, stem cells, and immune cells, elucidating their mechanisms and impacts on OA. Finally, we highlight the potential of therapies targeting senescent cells in OA as a strategy for promoting cartilage regeneration.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-024-00375-z
  2. Mol Neurodegener. 2024 Dec 04. 19(1): 93
    Aging-associated sensory decline and Alzheimer's disease.
    Suji Hong, Seung-Hyun Baek, Mitchell K P Lai, Thiruma V Arumugam, Dong-Gyu Jo.
      Multisensory decline is common as people age, and aging is the primary risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Recent studies have begun to shed light on the possibility that age-related sensory decline could accelerate AD pathogenesis, or be a prodromal indicator of AD. Sensory impairments, specifically in taste and smell, often emerge before cognitive symptoms in AD, indicating their potential as early biomarkers. Olfactory dysfunction has been frequently associated with AD and may offer valuable insights into early detection. Hearing impairment is significantly associated with AD, but its causal impact on AD progression remains unclear. The review also discusses visual and tactile deficits in AD, including retinal thinning and changes in tactile perception, highlighting their links to disease progression. Focusing on molecular mechanisms, the review explores the roles of amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and tau protein pathology in sensory decline and their bidirectional relationship with AD. In summary, the evidence presented conclusively supports advocating for an integrated approach to understanding AD and sensory decline, to enhance early detection, implementing preventive strategies, and developing therapeutic interventions for AD. This approach underscores the significance of sensory health in addressing neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD.
    Keywords:  Aging; Alzheimer's Disease (AD); Early biomarkers; Sensory impairments
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-024-00776-y
  3. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024 Dec 03. pii: S0149-7634(24)00440-8. [Epub ahead of print] 105971
    Mitochondrial Transplantation in Brain Disorders: Achievements, Methods, and Challenges.
    Aurélien Riou, Aline Broeglin, Amandine Grimm.
      Mitochondrial transplantation is a new treatment strategy aimed at repairing cellular damage by introducing healthy mitochondria into injured cells. The approach shows promise in protecting brain function in various neurological disorders such as traumatic brain injury/ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive disorders, and cancer. These conditions are often characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to impaired energy production and neuronal death. The review highlights promising preclinical studies where mitochondrial transplantation has been shown to restore mitochondrial function, reduce inflammation, and improve cognitive and motor functions in several animal models. It also addresses significant challenges that must be overcome before this therapy can be clinically applied. Current efforts to overcome these challenges, including advancements in isolation techniques, cryopreservation methods, finding an appropriate mitochondria source, and potential delivery routes, are discussed. Considering the rising incidence of neurological disorders and the limited effectiveness of current treatments, this review offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of mitochondrial transplantation research and critically assesses the remaining obstacles. It provides valuable insights that could steer future studies and potentially lead to more effective treatments for various brain disorders.
    Keywords:  Cognitive disorders; ischemia; mitochondrial transplantation; neurodegenerative diseases; traumatic brain injury
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105971
  4. Immun Ageing. 2024 Nov 30. 21(1): 85
    The role of autoantibodies in bridging obesity, aging, and immunosenescence.
    Taylor R Valentino, Nan Chen, Priya Makhijani, Saad Khan, Shawn Winer, Xavier S Revelo, Daniel A Winer.
      Antibodies are essential to immune homeostasis due to their roles in neutralizing pathogenic agents. However, failures in central and peripheral checkpoints that eliminate autoreactive B cells can undermine self-tolerance and generate autoantibodies that mistakenly target self-antigens, leading to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. While autoantibodies are well-studied in autoimmune and in some communicable diseases, their roles in chronic conditions, such as obesity and aging, are less understood. Obesity and aging share similar aspects of immune dysfunction, such as diminished humoral responses and heightened chronic inflammation, which can disrupt immune tolerance and foster autoantigen production, thus giving rise to autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies. In return, these events may also contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and aging, to the associated autoimmune disorders linked to these conditions, and to the development of immunosenescence, an age-related decline in immune function that heightens vulnerability to infections, chronic diseases, and loss of self-tolerance. Furthermore, the cumulative exposure to antigens and cellular debris during obesity and aging perpetuates pro-inflammatory pathways, linking immunosenescence with other aging hallmarks, such as proteostasis loss and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review examines the mechanisms driving autoantibody generation during obesity and aging and discusses key putative antigenic targets across these conditions. We also explore the therapeutic potential of emerging approaches, such as CAR-T/CAAR-T therapies, vaccines, and BiTEs, to tackle autoimmune-related conditions in aging and obesity.
    Keywords:  Aging; Autoantibodies; Chronic inflammation; Immunosenescence; Obesity
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-024-00489-2
  5. Front Neurosci. 2024 ;18 1440334
    Stem cell therapy in Alzheimer's disease: current status and perspectives.
    Chu-Min Ou, Wei-Wei Xue, Dong Liu, Liya Ma, Hai-Tao Xie, Ke Ning.
      An incurable neurogenerative illness, Alzheimer's disease, is the cause of most global health, medical, and social disasters. The two main symptoms are cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. Current medications that target tau protein tangles and Aβ plaques are not very effective because they only slow the symptoms of AD and do not repair damaged cells. Stem cell-based treatments, however, present an alternative strategy in the treatment of AD. They have the capacity to divide into specialized adult cells, have self-renewal abilities, and multiplication. Stem cells can now be employed as a donor source for cell therapy due to developments in stem cell technology. This review covers preclinical and clinical updates on studies based on targeting the tau protein tangles and Aβ plaque, as well as four types of stem cells employed in AD treatment. The review also outlines the two basic pathologic aspects, tau protein tangles and Aβ plaques, of AD.
    Keywords:  Alzheimer’s disease; Aβ deposits; clinical trials; nFTS; stem cell therapy
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1440334
  6. Med Int (Lond). 2024 May-Jun;4(3):4(3): 21
    Aging and cancer: Clinical role of tumor markers in the geriatric population (Review).
    Sivapatham Sundaresan, Palanirasu Rajapriya, Selvaraj Kaveri Lavanya.
      Aging, with the progressive deterioration and functional decline of several organ systems, is highly heterogeneous for both between and within individuals. Tumor markers are widely used in clinical practice as a screening test for individuals >50 years of age. More specifically, caring for elderly patients is a public health concern, given the incidence of cancer and its related mortality and morbidity. A multidisciplinary diagnostic procedure known as a geriatric assessment is capable of identifying functional, psychological and physiological issues that are missed by standard evaluation. The present review focuses on cancers affecting the geriatric population, highlights current opportunities and challenges, and highlights the unmet need for clinically relevant tumor markers in elderly patients with cancer. A comprehensive geriatric examination, including a biological assessment, still requires conveniently available tumor markers and their levels in older populations in order to forecast deterioration or loss of functional balance. These tumor indicators ought to make it possible to track patients using other outcomes, such overall survival and functional impairment. Despite the notable progress made in the understanding of human biology, the mechanisms and networks underlying aging remain largely unknown. In addition, as elderly patients are a highly heterogeneous population, age-related changes cannot be distinguished solely by chronological age. Strong clinical studies, well-established protocols and meta-analyses may contribute to the better utilization of tumor biomarkers in the elderly population. Hence, the present review addresses the effects of aging on tumor markers and the usefulness of tumor marker values for the geriatric population.
    Keywords:  age and sex specificity; aging; cancer; genomic instability; geriatrics; tumor markers
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.145
  7. Biogerontology. 2024 Dec 02. 26(1): 17
    The dichotomic role of cytokines in aging.
    Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva.
      The chronic inflammation present in aged individuals is generally depicted as a detrimental player for longevity. Here, it is discussed several beneficial effects associated with the cytokines that are chronically elevated in inflammaging. These cytokines, such as IL-1β, type I interferons, IL-6 and TNF positively regulate macroautophagy, mitochondrial function, anti-tumor immune responses and skeletal muscle biogenesis, possibly contributing to longevity. On the other side, the detrimental and antagonistic role of these cytokines including the induction of sarcopenia, tissue damage and promotion of tumorigenesis are also discussed, underscoring the dichotomy associated with inflammaging and its players. In addition, it is discussed the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and other cytokines that affect aging in a more linear way, such as IL-11, which promotes senescence, and IL-4 and IL-15, which promotes longevity. It is also discussed more specific regulators of aging that are downstream cytokines-mediated signaling.
    Keywords:  Aging; Autophagy; Cytokines; Inflammation; Mitochondria
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-024-10152-4
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