bims-agimec Biomed News
on Aging mechanisms
Issue of 2024–11–10
seven papers selected by
Metin Sökmen, Ankara Üniversitesi
  1. The Fourth Annual Symposium of the Midwest Aging Consortium.
  2. The biological roots of the sex-frailty paradox.
  3. Opportunities and challenges of foodborne polyphenols applied to anti-aging health foods.
  4. The role of high mobility group proteins in cellular senescence mechanisms.
  5. Ischemic Stroke and the Biological Hallmarks of Aging.
  6. Exploring the effect of different diet types on ageing and age-related diseases.
  7. Advancements in Targeting Macrophage Senescence for Age-Associated Conditions.
  1. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2024 Nov 01. pii: glae236. [Epub ahead of print]79(11):
    The Fourth Annual Symposium of the Midwest Aging Consortium.
    Jinoh Kim, Rochelle Buffenstein, Anne M Bronikowski, Natalia-Del Pilar Vanegas, Lorena Rosas, Paula Agudelo-Garcia, Ana L Mora, Mauricio Rojas, Davis A Englund, Nathan K LeBrasseur, Allancer Nunes, Paul D Robbins, Marian L Kohut, Siddhant Kothadiya, Rizia Bardhan, Christina D Camell, Ines Sturmlechner, Jörg J Goronzy, Chung-Yang Yeh, Dudley W Lamming, Shijiao Huang, Scott F Leiser, Wilber Escorcia, Matthew S Gill, Jackson R Taylor, Stephen L Helfand, Sovannarith Korm, Kristin E Gribble, Mariana Pehar, Magdalena Blaszkiewicz, Kristy L Townsend, Eric R McGregor, Rozalyn M Anderson, Lukas Stilgenbauer, Marianna Sadagurski, Alicia Taylor, Elizabeth McNeill, Thomas Stoeger, Hua Bai.
      The Midwest Aging Consortium (MAC) has emerged as a critical collaborative initiative aimed at advancing our understanding of aging and developing strategies to combat the rising prevalence of age-related diseases. Founded in 2019, MAC brings together researchers from various disciplines and institutions across the Midwestern United States to foster interdisciplinary geroscience research. This report summarizes the highlights of the Fourth Annual Symposium of MAC, which was held at Iowa State University in May 2023. The symposium featured presentations on a wide array of topics, including studies on slow-aging animals, cellular senescence and senotherapeutics, the role of the immune system in aging, metabolic changes in aging, neuronal health in aging, and biomarkers for measuring the aging process. Speakers shared findings from studies involving a variety of animals, ranging from commonly used species such as mice, rats, worms, yeast, and fruit flies, to less-common ones like naked mole-rats, painted turtles, and rotifers. MAC continues to emphasize the importance of supporting emerging researchers and fostering a collaborative environment, positioning itself as a leader in aging research. This symposium not only showcased the current state of aging biology research but also highlighted the consortium's role in training the next generation of scientists dedicated to improving the healthspan and well-being of the aging population.
    Keywords:  Aging; Biomarker; Gerontology; Immunity; Metabolism; Senescence
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae236
  2. Exp Gerontol. 2024 Oct 25. pii: S0531-5565(24)00265-1. [Epub ahead of print] 112619
    The biological roots of the sex-frailty paradox.
    Beatrice Arosio, Anna Picca.
      Aging is a dynamic process that requires a continuous response and adaptation to internal and external stimuli over the life course. This eventually results in people aging differently and women aging differently than men. The "gender paradox" describes how women experience greater longevity than men, although linked with higher rates of disability and poor health status. Recently, the concept of frailty has been incorporated into this paradox giving rise to the "sex-frailty paradox" which describes how women are frailer because they manifest worse health status but, at the same time, appear less susceptible to death than men of the same age. However, very little is known about the biological roots of this sex-related difference in frailty. Inflamm-aging, the chronic low-grade inflammatory state associated with age, plays a key pathophysiological role in several age-related diseases/conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which women have a higher lifetime risk than men. Interestingly, inflamm-aging develops at a different rate in women compared to men, with features that could play a critical role in the development of AD in women. According to this view, a continuum between aging and age-related diseases that probably lacks clear boundaries can be envisioned in which several shared biological mechanisms that progress at different pace may lead to different aging trajectories in women than in men. It therefore becomes urgent to consider a holistic approach in the study of aging, declining it from a gender medicine perspective that can also consider the biological roots of the sex-frailty paradox.
    Keywords:  Alzheimer's disease; Biological aging; Frailty; Gender-paradox; Geroscience; Inflamm-aging; Neurodegeneration
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2024.112619
  3. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2024 Dec;33(15): 3445-3461
    Opportunities and challenges of foodborne polyphenols applied to anti-aging health foods.
    Hong Zhuang, Xiaoliang Zhang, Sijia Wu, Pang Yong, Haiyang Yan.
       Abstract: With the increasing proportion of the global aging population, aging mechanisms and anti-aging strategies become hot topics. Nonetheless, the safety of non-natural anti-aging active molecule and the changes in physiological function that occur during aging have not been clarified. There is therefore a need to develop safer pharmaceutical interventions for anti-aging. Numerous types of research have shown that food-derived biomolecules are of great interest due to their unique contribution to anti-aging safety issues and the prevention of degenerative diseases. Among these, polyphenolic organic compounds are widely used in anti-aging research for their ability to mitigate the physiological functional changes that occur during aging. The mechanisms include the free radical theory, immune aging theory, cellular autophagy theory, epigenetic modification theory, gut microbial effects on aging theory, telomere shortening theory, etc. This review elucidates the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of polyphenols found in food-derived bioactive molecules, while also addressing the challenges associated with anti-aging pharmaceuticals. The review concludes by offering insights into the current landscape of anti-aging active molecule research, aiming to serve as a valuable resource for further scholarly inquiry.
    Graphical abstract:
    Keywords:  Anti-aging; Food-derived bioactive molecules; Polyphenols
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-024-01686-x
  4. Front Aging. 2024 ;5 1486281
    The role of high mobility group proteins in cellular senescence mechanisms.
    Jia Chen, Hongyu Li, Yongyin Huang, Qiang Tang.
      Aging is a universal physiological phenomenon, and chronic age-related diseases have become one of the leading causes of human mortality, accounting for nearly half of all deaths. Studies have shown that reducing the incidence of these diseases can not only extend lifespan but also promote healthy aging. In recent years, the potential role of non-histone high-mobility group proteins (HMGs) in the regulation of aging and lifespan has attracted widespread attention. HMGs play critical roles in cellular senescence and associated diseases through various pathways, encompassing multi-layered mechanisms involving protein interactions, molecular regulation, and chromatin dynamics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between HMG family proteins and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), chromatin structure, and histone modifications, offering a deeper exploration of the pivotal functions and impacts of HMGs in the aging process. Furthermore, we summarize recent findings on the contributions of HMG proteins to aging and age-related diseases. HMG proteins not only regulate senescence-associated inflammation through modulating the SASP but also influence genomic stability and cell fate decisions via interactions with chromatin and histones. Targeting HMG proteins holds great potential in delaying the progression of aging and its associated diseases. This review aims to provide a systematic overview of HMG proteins' roles in aging and to lay a solid foundation for future anti-aging drug development and therapeutic strategies. With the advancing understanding of the mechanisms by which HMGs regulate aging, developing therapeutic interventions targeting HMGs may emerge as a promising approach to extending lifespan and enhancing healthspan.
    Keywords:  SASP; aging; histone; hmgs; senescence
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2024.1486281
  5. Aging Dis. 2024 Oct 03.
    Ischemic Stroke and the Biological Hallmarks of Aging.
    Fangyuan Cheng, Bo Yan, Pan Liao, Han Gao, Zhenyu Yin, Dai Li, Ping Lei.
      With the advent of an aging population, the study of aging and related research has been increasingly prominent, focusing on how to fully understand and delay aging-a key concern for contemporary medical professionals. Stroke is an acute focal neurological deficit. Globally, ischemic stroke accounts for only 60-70% of all strokes, meanwhile, it is the second leading cause of death. With the introduction of the concept of biomarkers of ageing, the research of ischemic stroke or acute brain injury in relation to these biomarkers has remained fragmented. In this review, we aim to consolidate the current evidence, highlighting the intricate relationship between ischemic stroke and aging-related hallmarks during its occurrence. By providing a comprehensive overview, we hope to offer researchers a broader perspective on how acute injury mechanisms intertwine with aging. We hope to present a new viewpoint and a more complete evaluation framework for future research and exploration in the field of aging.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.01059
  6. Nutrition. 2024 Oct 10. pii: S0899-9007(24)00245-4. [Epub ahead of print]129 112596
    Exploring the effect of different diet types on ageing and age-related diseases.
    Emmanuel O Mensah, Emmanuel K Danyo, Richard V Asase.
      In recent times, there has been growing interest in understanding the factors contributing to prolonged and healthy lifespans observed in specific populations, tribes, or countries. Factors such as environmental and dietary play significant roles in shaping the ageing process and are often the focus of inquiries seeking to unravel the secrets behind longevity. Among these factors, diet emerges as a primary determinant, capable of either promoting or mitigating the onset of age-related diseases that impact the ageing trajectory. This review examines the impact of various diet types on ageing and age-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Different dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the Japanese diet, vegetarian and vegan diets, as well as low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets, are evaluated for their potential effects on longevity and health span. Each diet type is characterized by distinct nutritional profiles, emphasizing specific food groups, macronutrient compositions, and bioactive components, which may exert diverse effects on ageing processes and disease risk. Additionally, dietary factors such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, and dietary supplementation are explored for their potential anti-ageing and disease-modifying effects. Understanding the influence of various diet types on ageing and age-related diseases can inform personalized dietary recommendations and lifestyle interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging and mitigating age-associated morbidities.
    Keywords:  Age-related diseases; Ageing; Diet; Lifespan; Molecular pathways
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2024.112596
  7. Aging Dis. 2024 Nov 04.
    Advancements in Targeting Macrophage Senescence for Age-Associated Conditions.
    Jingwei Xiao, Hung Sing Li, Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan, Shu Lai Leung, Qiuju Yuan, Yaofeng Wang, Dajiang Qin, Suki Man Yan Lee.
      Macrophages, a critical subset of innate immune cells, play a pivotal role in cytokine production during disease progression, tissue injury, and pathogen invasion. Their intricate involvement in the manifestation of chronic low-grade inflammation associated with the aging process is widely acknowledged. Notably, in aged tissues, macrophages exhibit an altered phenotype characterized by an augmented synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, a profile intimately associated with a phenomenon known as inflammaging. Macrophages possess the capacity to undergo cellular senescence, a state of permanent growth arrest, in response to diverse stressors, including aging. Senescent macrophages secrete an array of pro-inflammatory molecules, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases, collectively referred to as the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). The SASP exacerbates the state of chronic inflammation observed in aging tissues. Thus, disruptions in macrophage function and signaling pathways due to aging result in escalated production of inflammatory mediators, perpetuating inflammaging. Recent research has uncovered novel mechanisms centred around innate immune signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages, highlighting their crucial role in the development of inflammaging and associated pathological conditions. This review delves into the latest scientific findings on these emerging mechanisms in macrophage senescence related to aging and explores the prospects of targeting macrophages to address age- associated conditions effectively.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.0720
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