bims-agimec Biomed News
on Aging mechanisms
Issue of 2024–08–18
seven papers selected by
Metin Sökmen, Ankara Üniversitesi
  1. Immunoglobulin G glycosylation and its alterations in aging-related diseases.
  2. CX3C chemokine: Hallmarks of fibrosis and ageing.
  3. Engineered Mitochondrial Transplantation as An Anti-Aging Therapy.
  4. Aging, Cancer, and Inflammation: The Telomerase Connection.
  5. Anti-Aging Effects of Flavonoids from Plant Extracts.
  6. Immunosenescence: A new direction in anti-aging research.
  7. Rejuvenation Strategy for Inducing and Enhancing Autoimmune Response to Eliminate Senescent Cells.
  1. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2024 Aug 09.
    Immunoglobulin G glycosylation and its alterations in aging-related diseases.
    Yongqi Wu, Zhida Zhang, Lin Chen, Shisheng Sun.
      Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is an important serum glycoprotein and a major component of antibodies. Glycans on IgG affect the binding of IgG to the Fc receptor or complement C1q, which in turn affects the biological activity and biological function of IgG. Altered glycosylation patterns on IgG emerge as important biomarkers in the aging process and age-related diseases. Key aging-related alterations observed in IgG glycosylation include reductions in galactosylation and sialylation, alongside increases in agalactosylation, and bisecting GlcNAc. Understanding the role of IgG glycosylation in aging-related diseases offers insights into disease mechanisms and provides opportunities for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes five aspects of IgG: an overview of IgG, IgG glycosylation, IgG glycosylation with inflammation mediation, IgG glycan changes with normal aging, as well as the relevance of IgG glycan changes to aging-related diseases. This review provides a reference for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of IgG glycosylation in aging-related diseases, as well as for evaluating the potential of IgG glycosylation changes as markers of aging and aging-related diseases.
    Keywords:  IgG; aging; aging-related diseases; glycosylation; inflammation
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3724/abbs.2024137
  2. Pharmacol Res. 2024 Aug 10. pii: S1043-6618(24)00293-7. [Epub ahead of print]208 107348
    CX3C chemokine: Hallmarks of fibrosis and ageing.
    Xuanning Chen, Yiling Yang, Siyuan Sun, Qiong Liu, Yang Yang, Lingyong Jiang.
      Fibrosis refers to the progressive tissue lesion process characterized by excessive secretion and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Abnormal fibrous tissue deposition distorts tissue architecture and leads to the progressive loss of organ function. Notably, fibrosis is one of the primary pathological appearances of many end stage illnesses, and is considered as a lethal threat to human health, especially in the elderly with ageing-related diseases. CX3C ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is the only member of chemokine CX3C and binds specifically to CX3C receptor 1 (CX3CR1). Different from other chemokines, CX3CL1 possesses both chemotactic and adhesive activity. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis involves in various physiological and pathological processes, and exerts a critical role in cells from the immune system, vascular system, and nervous system etc. Notably, increasing evidence has demonstrated that CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway is closely related to the pathological process of fibrosis in multiple tissue and organs. We reviewed the crucial role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in fibrosis and ageing and systematically summarized the underlying mechanism, which offers prospective strategies of targeting CX3C for the therapy of fibrosis and ageing-related diseases.
    Keywords:  Ageing-related diseases; CX3CL1/CX3CR1; Chemokine; ECM; Fibrosis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107348
  3. Aging Dis. 2024 Jul 19.
    Engineered Mitochondrial Transplantation as An Anti-Aging Therapy.
    Rui Zhao, Chen Dong, Qian Liang, Jianlin Gao, Chi Sun, Zhifeng Gu, Yujuan Zhu.
      Aging is an inevitable and complex biological process involving multi-factorial mechanisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor in the aging process, characterized by a decline in mitochondrial quality and activity, leading to aging and aging-related diseases. Therefore, mitochondria have become an attractive target in anti-aging therapies. Several senolytic drugs targeting mitochondria and antioxidant agents have been used in anti-aging research in the past few years. However, these strategies may cause adverse effects with long-term medication. In this extensive review, we propose "mitochondrial transplantation," which transfers healthy mitochondria from donor cells to recipient cells to replace damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, as a new alternative strategy for treating mitochondrial dysfunction and aging-associated diseases. In this review, we introduce the contemporary landscape of mitochondrial transplantation, then discuss intensely the successful applications of mitochondrial transplantation therapy in aging diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular aging, and reproductive aging, highlighting its translational potential. Finally, we summarize and prospect the challenges and opportunities mitochondrial transplantation faces in anti-aging therapy.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.0231
  4. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 05. pii: 8542. [Epub ahead of print]25(15):
    Aging, Cancer, and Inflammation: The Telomerase Connection.
    Virginia Boccardi, Luigi Marano.
      Understanding the complex dynamics of telomere biology is important in the strong link between aging and cancer. Telomeres, the protective caps at the end of chromosomes, are central players in this connection. While their gradual shortening due to replication limits tumors expansion by triggering DNA repair mechanisms, it also promotes oncogenic changes within chromosomes, thus sustaining tumorigenesis. The enzyme telomerase, responsible for maintaining telomere length, emerges as a central player in this context. Its expression in cancer cells facilitates the preservation of telomeres, allowing them to circumvent the growth-limiting effects of short telomeres. Interestingly, the influence of telomerase extends beyond telomere maintenance, as evidenced by its involvement in promoting cell growth through alternative pathways. In this context, inflammation accelerates telomere shortening, resulting in telomere dysfunction, while telomere elements also play a role in modulating the inflammatory response. The recognition of this interplay has promoted the development of novel therapeutic approaches centered around telomerase inhibition. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the field, emphasizing recent progress in knowledge and the implications in understanding of cancer biology.
    Keywords:  aging; cancer; cellular senescence; inflammation; stem cells; telomeres
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158542
  5. Foods. 2024 Aug 02. pii: 2441. [Epub ahead of print]13(15):
    Anti-Aging Effects of Flavonoids from Plant Extracts.
    Bogdan Păcularu-Burada, Alexandru-Ionuț Cîrîc, Mihaela Begea.
      Aging is a natural and irreversible process, affecting living organisms by negatively impacting the tissues' and cells' morphology and functionality and consequently being responsible for aging-related diseases. Taking into account the actual preoccupations of both consumers and researchers, healthy anti-aging alternatives are being intensively studied in order to address such concerns. Due to their functional features, plant flavonoids can be considered valuable nutraceuticals. This paper highlights the possibilities to use flavonoids extracted from various plants for their anti-aging potential on the skin, brain, and heart. Moreover, their anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties are summarized, along with the senescence-associated mechanisms. Both the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical fields are continuously developing and flavonoids originating from plants are promising candidates to obtain such products. Thus, the bioactive compounds' extraction and their subsequent involvement in innovative product manufacturing must be carefully performed while being aware of the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may affect the phytochemicals' structures, bioavailability, and health effects.
    Keywords:  anti-aging; diseases; flavonoids; nutraceuticals; senescence
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152441
  6. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Aug 12. pii: S1567-5769(24)01421-8. [Epub ahead of print]141 112900
    Immunosenescence: A new direction in anti-aging research.
    Hanzhou Li, Shan Lin, Yuming Wang, Yuexuan Shi, Xixing Fang, Jida Wang, Huantian Cui, Yuhong Bian, Xin Qi.
      The immune system is a major regulatory system of the body, that is composed of immune cells, immune organs, and related signaling factors. As an organism ages, observable age-related changes in the function of the immune system accumulate in a process described as 'immune aging. Research has shown that the impact of aging on immunity is detrimental, with various dysregulated responses that affect the function of immune cells at the cellular level. For example, increased aging has been shown to result in the abnormal chemotaxis of neutrophils and decreased phagocytosis of macrophages. Age-related diminished functionality of immune cell types has direct effects on host fitness, leading to poorer responses to vaccination, more inflammation and tissue damage, as well as autoimmune disorders and the inability to control infections. Similarly, age impacts the function of the immune system at the organ level, resulting in decreased hematopoietic function in the bone marrow, a gradual deficiency of catalase in the thymus, and thymic atrophy, resulting in reduced production of related immune cells such as B cells and T cells, further increasing the risk of autoimmune disorders in the elderly. As the immune function of the body weakens, aging cells and inflammatory factors cannot be cleared, resulting in a cycle of increased inflammation that accumulates over time. Cumulatively, the consequences of immune aging increase the likelihood of developing age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis, among others. Therefore, targeting the age-related changes that occur within cells of the immune system might be an effective anti-aging strategy. In this article, we summarize the relevant literature on immune aging research, focusing on its impact on aging, in hopes of providing new directions for anti-aging research.
    Keywords:  Age-related diseases; Aging; Anti-aging; Immune system; Immunosenescence
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112900
  7. Aging Dis. 2024 Jul 23.
    Rejuvenation Strategy for Inducing and Enhancing Autoimmune Response to Eliminate Senescent Cells.
    Xingyue Wang, Chengyu Zhang, Jiahong Su, Siqi Ren, Xiang Wang, Yinping Zhang, Zijun Yuan, Xinyu He, Xu Wu, Mingxing Li, Fukuan Du, Yu Chen, Shuai Deng, Yueshui Zhao, Xiaodong Wang, Yuhong Sun, Jing Shen, Huijiao Ji, Yunqing Hou, Zhangang Xiao.
      The process of aging, which involves progressive changes in the body over time, is closely associated with the development of age-related diseases. Cellular senescence is a pivotal hallmark and mechanism of the aging process. The accumulation of senescent cells can significantly contribute to the onset of age-related diseases, thereby compromising overall health. Conversely, the elimination of senescent cells enhances the body's regenerative and reparative capacity, thereby retarding the aging process. Here, we present a brief overview of 12 Hallmarks of aging and subsequently emphasize the potential of immune checkpoint blockade, innate immune cell therapy (including T cells, iNKT cells, macrophages, and NK cells), as well as CAR-T cell therapy for inducing and augmenting immune responses aimed at eliminating senescent cells. In addition to CAR-T cells, we also explore the possibility of engineered immune cells such as CAR-NK and CAR-M cells to eliminate senescent cells. In summary, immunotherapy, as an emerging strategy for the treatment of aging, offers new prospects for age-related research.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.0579
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