bims-aditis Biomed News
on Adipose tissue, inflammation, immunometabolism
Issue of 2022–02–13
eight papers selected by
Matthew C. Sinton, University of Glasgow
  1. IL-17 Receptor Signaling through IL-17A or IL-17F Is Sufficient to Maintain Innate Response and Control of Helicobacter pylori Immunopathogenesis.
  2. Adipose tissue microenvironments during aging: Effects on stimulated lipolysis.
  3. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers an instructive T-cell receptor role in adult γδ T-cell lineage commitment.
  4. The Lipid Droplet Knowledge Portal: A resource for systematic analyses of lipid droplet biology.
  5. Magnesium: essential for T cells.
  6. Adipose invariant NKT cells interact with CD1d-expressing macrophages to regulate obesity-related inflammation.
  7. Rev-erb-Mediated Regulation of Cardiac Metabolism in the Obesity Paradox.
  8. Protocol to characterize mitochondrial supercomplexes from mouse tissues by combining BN-PAGE and MS-based proteomics.
  1. Immunohorizons. 2022 Feb 10. 6(2): 116-129
    IL-17 Receptor Signaling through IL-17A or IL-17F Is Sufficient to Maintain Innate Response and Control of Helicobacter pylori Immunopathogenesis.
    Beverly R E A Dixon, Tiffany J Lee, Diana C Contreras Healey, Jing Li, Jeremy A Goettel, M Blanca Piazuelo, Holly M Scott Algood.
      IL-17R signaling is required for control of extracellular pathogens and is also implicated in development of chronic inflammatory processes. The response to the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori results in Th1 and Th17 cell activation and a chronic inflammatory process that can lead to adverse outcomes, such as gastric cancer. Previously, we identified IL-17RA as a requirement for the recruitment of neutrophils and control of H. pylori colonization in the gastric mucosa. Unexpectedly, H. pylori-infected Il17ra -/- mice had significantly more chronic inflammation than H. pylori-infected wild-type mice. In this study, human epithelial cell lines and murine models were used to investigate differential roles for IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17A/F during H. pylori infection. Moreover, the hypothesis that IL-17RA signaling, specifically in lymphocytes, provides an autocrine feedback loop that downregulates Th17 cytokine production was investigated. The data indicate that epithelial cells exhibit a stronger response to IL-17A and IL-17A/F than IL-17F, and that IL-17A and IL-17A/F can synergize with TNF and IL-22 to induce antimicrobial genes of gastric epithelial cells. In vivo deficiencies of IL-17A or IL-17F alone did not significantly change the immunopathological response to H. pylori, but if both cytokines were absent, a hyperinflammatory lymphocytic response developed. Using a cre/flox targeting approach for IL-17RA combined with infection, our findings demonstrate that increased chronic inflammation in Il17ra -/- mice was not attributed to a T cell-intrinsic defect. These data imply that IL-17A and IL-17F may have overlapping roles in maintenance of the gastric mucosal response to infection.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4049/immunohorizons.2000072
  2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2022 Feb 04. pii: S1388-1981(22)00008-7. [Epub ahead of print] 159118
    Adipose tissue microenvironments during aging: Effects on stimulated lipolysis.
    Christina D Camell.
      Adipose tissue is a critical organ for nutrient sensing, energy storage and maintaining metabolic health. The failure of adipose tissue homeostasis leads to metabolic disease that is seen during obesity or aging. Local metabolic processes are coordinated by interacting microenvironments that make up the complexity and heterogeneity of the adipose tissue. Catecholamine-induced lipolysis, a critical pathway in adipocytes that drives the release of stored triglyceride as free fatty acid after stimulation, is impaired during aging. The impairment of this pathway is associated with a failure to maintain a healthy body weight, body-temperature or mount an immune response. Along with impairments in aged adipocytes, aging is associated with an accumulation of inflammation, immune cell activation, and increased dysfunction in the nervous and lymphatic systems within the adipose tissue. Together these microenvironments support the initiation of stimulated lipolysis and the transport of free fatty acid under conditions of metabolic homeostasis. However, during aging, the defects in these cellular systems result in a reduction in ability to stimulate lipolysis. This review will focus on how the immune, nervous and lymphatic systems interact during tissue homeostasis, review areas that are impaired with aging and discuss areas of research that are currently unclear.
    Keywords:  Adipose tissue lipolysis; Aging; Immune cells; Inflammation; Lymphatic vessels; Sympathetic nervous system
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159118
  3. EMBO J. 2022 Feb 07. e110023
    Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers an instructive T-cell receptor role in adult γδ T-cell lineage commitment.
    Sara Scaramuzzino, Delphine Potier, Robin Ordioni, Pierre Grenot, Dominique Payet-Bornet, Hervé Luche, Bernard Malissen.
      After entering the adult thymus, bipotent T-cell progenitors give rise to αβ or γδ T cells. To determine whether the γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) has an instructive role in γδ T-cell lineage commitment or only "confirms" a pre-established γδ Τ-cell lineage state, we exploited mice lacking expression of LAT, an adaptor required for γδ TCR signaling. Although these mice showed a T-cell development block at the CD4- CD8- double-negative third (DN3) stage, 0.3% of their DN3 cells expressed intermediate levels of γδ TCR (further referred to as γδint ) at their surface. Single-cell transcriptomics of LAT-deficient DN3 γδint cells demonstrated no sign of commitment to the γδ T-cell lineage, apart from γδ TCR expression. Although the lack of LAT is thought to tightly block DN3 cell development, we unexpectedly found that 25% of LAT-deficient DN3 γδint cells were actively proliferating and progressed up to the DN4 stage. However, even those cells failed to turn on the transcriptional program associated with the γδ T-cell lineage. Therefore, the γδ TCR-LAT signaling axis builds upon a γδ T-cell uncommitted lineage state to fully instruct adult γδ T-cell lineage specification.
    Keywords:  T cell; development; single-cell transcriptomics; γδ T-cell lineage specification
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021110023
  4. Dev Cell. 2022 Feb 07. pii: S1534-5807(22)00003-X. [Epub ahead of print]57(3): 387-397.e4
    The Lipid Droplet Knowledge Portal: A resource for systematic analyses of lipid droplet biology.
    Niklas Mejhert, Katlyn R Gabriel, Scott Frendo-Cumbo, Natalie Krahmer, Jiunn Song, Leena Kuruvilla, Chandramohan Chitraju, Sebastian Boland, Dong-Keun Jang, Marcin von Grotthuss, Maria C Costanzo, Mikael Rydén, James A Olzmann, Jason Flannick, Noël P Burtt, Robert V Farese, Tobias C Walther.
      Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles of cellular lipid storage with fundamental roles in energy metabolism and cell membrane homeostasis. There has been an explosion of research into the biology of LDs, in part due to their relevance in diseases of lipid storage, such as atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis. Consequently, there is an increasing need for a resource that combines datasets from systematic analyses of LD biology. Here, we integrate high-confidence, systematically generated human, mouse, and fly data from studies on LDs in the framework of an online platform named the "Lipid Droplet Knowledge Portal" (https://lipiddroplet.org/). This scalable and interactive portal includes comprehensive datasets, across a variety of cell types, for LD biology, including transcriptional profiles of induced lipid storage, organellar proteomics, genome-wide screen phenotypes, and ties to human genetics. This resource is a powerful platform that can be utilized to identify determinants of lipid storage.
    Keywords:  C16orf54; MSRB3; inflammation; proteasome; protein targeting; proximity labeling; sterol ester; triacylglycerol
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.003
  5. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022 Feb 09.
    Magnesium: essential for T cells.
    Lucy Bird.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00688-2
  6. Immunology. 2022 Feb 08.
    Adipose invariant NKT cells interact with CD1d-expressing macrophages to regulate obesity-related inflammation.
    Masashi Satoh, Misao Iizuka, Masataka Majima, Chizuru Ohwa, Akito Hattori, Luc Van Kaer, Kazuya Iwabuchi.
      Obesity is accompanied by and accelerated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This low-level inflammation predisposes the host to the development of metabolic disease, most notably type 2 diabetes. We have focused on the capacity of glycolipid-reactive, CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells to modulate obesity and its associated metabolic sequelae. We previously reported that CD1d knockout (KO) mice are partially protected against the development of obesity-associated insulin-resistance, and these findings were recapitulated in mice with an adipocyte-specific CD1d deficiency, suggesting that NKT cell-adipocyte interactions play a critical role in exacerbating disease. However, many other CD1d-expressing cells contribute to the in vivo responses of NKT cells to lipid antigens. In the present study, we examined the role of CD1d expression by macrophages (Mϕ) to the development of obesity-associated metabolic inflammation using LysMcre-cd1d1f/f mice where the CD1d1 gene is disrupted in a Mϕ-specific manner. Unexpectedly, these animals contained a higher frequency of T-bet+ CD4+ T cells in VAT with increased production of Th1-cytokines that aggravated VAT inflammation. Mϕ from mutant mice displayed increased production of IL-12p40, suggesting M1 polarization. These findings indicate that interactions of CD1d on Mϕ with NKT cells play a beneficial role in obesity-associated VAT inflammation and insulin resistance with a sharp contrast to an aggravating role of CD1d on another type of antigen presenting cell, dendritic cells.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13447
  7. Circulation. 2022 Feb 08. 145(6): 465-468
    Rev-erb-Mediated Regulation of Cardiac Metabolism in the Obesity Paradox.
    Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin, Lorrie A Kirshenbaum.
      
    Keywords:  ARNTL transcription factors; CLOCK proteins; Editorials; circadian clocks; heart failure; lipid metabolism; obesity
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058402
  8. STAR Protoc. 2022 Mar 18. 3(1): 101135
    Protocol to characterize mitochondrial supercomplexes from mouse tissues by combining BN-PAGE and MS-based proteomics.
    Roger Moreno-Justicia, Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa, Ben Stocks, Atul S Deshmukh.
      The assembly of mitochondrial respiratory complexes into supercomplexes has significant implications for mitochondrial function. This protocol details mitochondrial isolation from mouse tissues and the use of blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) to separate pre-identified mitochondrial supercomplexes into different gel bands. We then describe the excision of the individual bands, followed by in-gel protein digestion and peptide desalting for mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. This protocol provides a time-efficient measurement of the abundance and distribution of proteins within known supercomplexes. For complete details on the use and execution of this profile, please refer to Gonzalez-Franquesa et al. (2021).
    Keywords:  Mass Spectrometry; Metabolism; Protein Biochemistry; Proteomics
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101135
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