bims-polyam Biomed News
on Polyamines
Issue of 2023‒08‒06
six papers selected by
Sebastian J. Hofer
University of Graz
  1. Combined effect of trehalose and spermidine to alleviate zinc toxicity in Vigna radiata.
  2. Computational biology-based study of the molecular mechanism of spermidine amelioration of acute pancreatitis.
  3. A new metabolic pathway for sym-homospermidine synthesis in an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus.
  4. Exogenous spermidine effectively improves the quality of cryopreserved boar sperm.
  5. Spermidine enhances chilling tolerance of kale seeds by modulating ROS and phytohormone metabolism.
  6. Sustained oral spermidine supplementation rescues functional and structural defects in COL6-deficient myopathic mice.
  1. 3 Biotech. 2023 Aug;13(8): 288
    Combined effect of trehalose and spermidine to alleviate zinc toxicity in Vigna radiata.
    Khalid H Alamer.
      Zinc toxicity is affecting the growth and yield of major crops plants throughout globe by reducing key metabolic processes. In this backdrop, experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of exogenous supplementation of trehalose (500 µM Treh) and spermidine (500 µM Spd) in alleviating the damaging effects of zinc toxicity (100 µM ZnSO4) in Vigna radiata. Growth, chlorophyll and photosynthesis were reduced due to Zn toxicity; however, exogenous supplementation of trehalose and spermidine not only increased the parameters but also alleviated the decline to considerable levels. Toxicity of zinc increased H2O2, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage by 100.43%, 84.53% and 134.64%, respectively, and application of trehalose and spermidine a reduction of 29.32%, 39.09% and 44.91%, respectively, over the zinc-treated plants. Application of trehalose and spermidine increased the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of nitrogen concomitant with alleviation of the decline caused due to zinc toxicity. The activity of antioxidant system enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and the enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle was significantly enhanced due to trehalose and spermidine application. Proline, glycine betaine and activity of γ-glutamyl kinase increased maximally by 281.84%, 126.21% and 181.08%, respectively, in plants treated with zinc + trehalose + spermidine over control. Significant enhancement in the content of total phenols and flavonoids was observed due to the treatment of trehalose and spermidine individually as well as combinedly. Application of trehalose and spermidine reduced the content of methylglyoxal by up-regulating the activity of glyoxylase cycle enzymes. In addition under zinc toxicity conditions, the content of zinc declined in trehalose- and spermidine-treated plants.
    Keywords:  Antioxidants; Osmolytes; Oxidative damage; Photosynthesis; Trehalose. Vigna radiata
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03708-7
  2. Mol Divers. 2023 Jul 31.
    Computational biology-based study of the molecular mechanism of spermidine amelioration of acute pancreatitis.
    Yan Shen, Hongtao Duan, Lu Yuan, Aiminuer Asikaer, Yiyuan Liu, Rui Zhang, Yang Liu, Yuanqiang Wang, Zhihua Lin.
      Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory gastrointestinal disease, the mortality and morbility of which has been on the increase in the past years. Spermidine, a natural polyamine, has a wide range of pharmacological effects including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-aging, and anti-tumorigenic. This study aimed to investigate the reliable targets and molecular mechanisms of spermidine in treating AP. By employing computational biology methods including network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we explored the potential targets of spermidine in improving AP with dietary supplementation. The computational biology results revealed that spermidine had high degrees (degree: 18, betweenness: 38.91; degree: 18, betweenness: 206.41) and stable binding free energy (ΔGbind: - 12.81 ± 0.55 kcal/mol, - 15.00 ± 1.00 kcal/mol) with acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT). Experimental validation demonstrates that spermidine treatment could reduce the necrosis and AchE activity in pancreatic acinar cells. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) results revealed that spermidine could bind to and stabilize the 5-HTT protein in acinar cells. Moreover, spermidine treatment impeded the rise of the expression of 5-HTT in pancreatic tissues of caerulein induced acute pancreatitis mice. In conclusion, serotonin transporter might be a reliable target of spermidine in treating AP. This study provides new idea for the exploration of potential targets of natural compounds.
    Keywords:  Acute pancreatitis; Molecular docking; Molecular dynamics; Molecular mechanisms; Spermidine
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-023-10698-4
  3. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 2023 Aug 02.
    A new metabolic pathway for sym-homospermidine synthesis in an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus.
    Tairo Oshima.
      In an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, sym-homospermidine is synthesized by the actions of two enzymes. The first enzyme coded by dhs gene (annotated to be deoxyhypusine synthase gene) catalyzes synthesis of an intermediate, supposed to be 1,9-bis(guanidino)-5-aza-nonane (=N1, N11-bis(amidino)-sym-homospermidine), from two molecules of agmatine in the presence of NAD. The second enzyme (aminopropylagmatinase) coded by speB gene catalyzes hydrolysis of the intermediate compound to sym-homospermidine releasing two molecules of urea.
    Keywords:  Thermus thermophilus; aminopropylagmatinase; deoxyhypusine synthase; polyamine metabolism; thermophile
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.2023.07.005
  4. Anim Sci J. 2023 Jan-Dec;94(1):94(1): e13859
    Exogenous spermidine effectively improves the quality of cryopreserved boar sperm.
    Jingchun Li, Hechuan Wang, Minghui Guo, Tianfeng Li, Han Zhang, Qun Zhang, Qian Wang, Yulun Song, Heze Feng, Guosheng Wei.
      Boar sperm are less resistant to the dramatic environmental changes that occur during in vitro preservation. Spermidine has various physiological functions including the anti-oxidative effect. The main objective of this study was to clarify whether spermidine could protect boar sperm from the attack of reactive oxygen species under cryopreservation treatment. We set the concentrations of spermidine at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mmol/L and evaluated the effects of spermidine on sperm motility, viability, malformation rates, kinetic parameters, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, DNA integrity, H2 O2 content, malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Finally, the effects of spermidine on the sperm fertility were assessed by artificial insemination. The results showed that spermidine improved various physiological parameters of sperm in a dose-dependent manner. The quality and antioxidant capacity of sperm cryopreserved with 6 mmol/L spermidine were significantly less reduced (P < 0.05), and the contents of malformation rate, H2 O2 , and malondialdehyde content were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The significant increase in the number of litters indicated the possibility that spermidine had important practical value in pig reproduction (P < 0.05). Therefore, the addition of appropriate concentrations of spermidine to cryopreservation extenders may effectively improve the quality of boar sperm for in vitro preservation.
    Keywords:  boar sperm; cryopreservation; exogenous spermidine
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13859
  5. PLoS One. 2023 ;18(8): e0289563
    Spermidine enhances chilling tolerance of kale seeds by modulating ROS and phytohormone metabolism.
    Dongdong Cao, Yutao Huang, Gaofu Mei, Sheng Zhang, Huaping Wu, Tiyuan Zhao.
      Chilling stress is an important constraint for kale seed germination and seedlings establishment. It is vital to develop an effective approach to enhance kale seed germination ability under chilling stress. The present study reported that spermidine (Spd) could improve seed chilling tolerance in two kale cultivars 'Nagoya' (MGW) and 'Pigeon' (BB) during germination. The results showed that MGW was cold tolerant with a 90.67% germination percentage (GP) under chilling stress, while BB was cold sensitive with a 70.67% GP under chilling stress. Spd content in MGW and BB seeds during seed germination were up-regulated and down-regulated by chilling stress, respectively. Besides, chilling stress apparently decreased the gibberellin (GA) and ethylene (ET) contents, while increased the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MGW and BB seeds during germination. Exogenous Spd application increased GA, ET contents and decreased ABA content through regulating the gene expressions of metabolic-related enzymes, thus effectively alleviating the low temperature damage on kale seed germination. Besides, Spd significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2·-). The present study demonstrated that endogenous Spd metabolism plays an important role in kale seed germination under chilling stress. The effect of exogenous Spd on the metabolism of endogenous Spd, GA, ABA, ET and antioxidant enzymes might be the important reason for promoting the kale seed vigor at low temperature.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289563
  6. Autophagy. 2023 Aug 01. 1-9
    Sustained oral spermidine supplementation rescues functional and structural defects in COL6-deficient myopathic mice.
    Lisa Gambarotto, Samuele Metti, Matteo Corpetti, Martina Baraldo, Patrizia Sabatelli, Silvia Castagnaro, Matilde Cescon, Bert Blaauw, Paolo Bonaldo.
      COL6 (collagen type VI)-related myopathies (COL6-RM) are a distinct group of inherited muscle disorders caused by mutations of COL6 genes and characterized by early-onset muscle weakness, for which no cure is available yet. Key pathophysiological features of COL6-deficient muscles involve impaired macroautophagy/autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuromuscular junction fragmentation and myofiber apoptosis. Targeting autophagy by dietary means elicited beneficial effects in both col6a1 null (col6a1-/-) mice and COL6-RM patients. We previously demonstrated that one-month per os administration of the nutraceutical spermidine reactivates autophagy and ameliorates myofiber defects in col6a1-/- mice but does not elicit functional improvement. Here we show that a 100-day-long spermidine regimen is able to rescue muscle strength in col6a1-/- mice, with also a beneficial impact on mitochondria and neuromuscular junction integrity, without any noticeable side effects. Altogether, these data provide a rationale for the application of spermidine in prospective clinical trials for COL6-RM.Abbreviations: AChR: acetylcholine receptor; BTX: bungarotoxin; CNF: centrally nucleated fibers; Colch: colchicine; COL6: collagen type VI; COL6-RM: COL6-related myopathies; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; NMJ: neuromuscular junction; Spd: spermidine; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TA: tibialis anterior; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling.
    Keywords:  Autophagy; collagen VI; nutraceutical; skeletal muscle; spermidine
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2023.2241125
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