bims-plasge Biomed News
on Plastid genes
Issue of 2023‒02‒19
two papers selected by
Vera S. Bogdanova
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
  1. Variation in mitogenome structural conformation in wild and cultivated lineages of sorghum corresponds with domestication history and plastome evolution.
  2. Mapping of quantitative trait locus reveals PsXI gene encoding xylanase inhibitor as the candidate gene for bruchid (Callosobruchus spp.) resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.).
  1. BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Feb 13. 23(1): 91
    Variation in mitogenome structural conformation in wild and cultivated lineages of sorghum corresponds with domestication history and plastome evolution.
    Shuo Zhang, Jie Wang, Wenchuang He, Shenglong Kan, Xuezhu Liao, David R Jordan, Emma S Mace, Yongfu Tao, Alan W Cruickshank, Robert Klein, Daojun Yuan, Luke R Tembrock, Zhiqiang Wu.
      BACKGROUND: Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that are central to the metabolic processes of cellular respiration and ATP production. However, the evolution of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) in plants is virtually unknown compared to animal mitogenomes or plant plastids, due to complex structural variation and long stretches of repetitive DNA making accurate genome assembly more challenging. Comparing the structural and sequence differences of organellar genomes within and between sorghum species is an essential step in understanding evolutionary processes such as organellar sequence transfer to the nuclear genome as well as improving agronomic traits in sorghum related to cellular metabolism.RESULTS: Here, we assembled seven sorghum mitochondrial and plastid genomes and resolved reticulated mitogenome structures with multilinked relationships that could be grouped into three structural conformations that differ in the content of repeats and genes by contig. The grouping of these mitogenome structural types reflects the two domestication events for sorghum in east and west Africa.
    CONCLUSIONS: We report seven mitogenomes of sorghum from different cultivars and wild sources. The assembly method used here will be helpful in resolving complex genomic structures in other plant species. Our findings give new insights into the structure of sorghum mitogenomes that provides an important foundation for future research into the improvement of sorghum traits related to cellular respiration, cytonuclear incompatibly, and disease resistance.
    Keywords:  Chloroplast; Crop improvement; Grains; Intracellular transfer; Mitochondrion
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04104-2
  2. Front Plant Sci. 2023 ;14 1057577
    Mapping of quantitative trait locus reveals PsXI gene encoding xylanase inhibitor as the candidate gene for bruchid (Callosobruchus spp.) resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.).
    Jianjun Yan, Jingbin Chen, Yun Lin, Xingxing Yuan, Prakit Somta, Yaowen Zhang, Zeyan Zhang, Xianhong Zhang, Xin Chen.
      Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important legume crop for both food and feed. Bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) are destructive insect pests of pea in the field and during storage. In this study, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling seed resistance to C. chinensis (L.) and C. maculatus (Fab.) in field pea using F2 populations derived from a cross between PWY19 (resistant) and PHM22 (susceptible). QTL analysis in the two F2 populations grown in different environments consistently identified a single major QTL, qPsBr2.1, controlling the resistance to both bruchid species. qPsBr2.1 was mapped onto linkage group 2 between DNA markers 18339 and PSSR202109 and explained 50.91% to 70.94% of the variation in resistance, depending on the environment and bruchid species. Fine mapping narrowed down qPsBr2.1 to a genomic region of 1.07 Mb on chromosome 2 (chr2LG1). Seven annotated genes were found in this region, including Psat2g026280 (designated as PsXI), which encodes a xylanase inhibitor and was considered as a candidate gene for bruchid resistance. PCR amplification and sequence analysis of PsXI suggested the presence of an insertion of unknown length in an intron of PWY19, which causes variation in the open reading frame (ORF) of PsXI. Moreover, the subcellular localization of PsXI differed between PWY19 and PHM22. These results together suggested that PsXI encoding xylanase inhibitor is responsible for the bruchid resistance of the field pea PWY19.
    Keywords:   pea; Callosobruchus; Pisum sativum; QTL; bruchid; xylanase inhibitor
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1057577
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