bims-nucpor 2024-02-04 papers

Issue of 2024‒02‒04
three papers selected by
Sara Mingu, Johannes Gutenberg University

Genetics. 2024 Feb 01. pii: iyae017. [Epub ahead of print]

Role of the San1 ubiquitin ligase in the heat stress-induced degradation of non-native Nup1 in the nuclear pore complex.

Takanari Ikeda, Kenji Yamazaki, Fumihiko Okumura, Takumi Kamura, Kunio Nakatsukasa.

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates the selective exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are characterized by mislocalization of nucleoporins (Nups), transport receptors, and Ras-related nuclear proteins into nucleoplasmic or cytosolic aggregates, underscoring the importance of precise assembly of the NPC. The assembly state of large protein complexes is strictly monitored by the protein quality control system. The ubiquitin-proteasome system may eliminate aberrant, misfolded, and/or orphan components; however, the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the degradation of non-native Nups in the NPC remains unclear. Here, we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, although Nup1 (the FG-nucleoporin component of the central core of the NPC) was stable, C-terminally green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Nup1, which had been incorporated into the NPC, was degraded by the proteasome especially under heat stress conditions. The degradation was dependent on the San1 ubiquitin ligase and Cdc48/p97, as well as its cofactor Doa1. We also demonstrate that San1 weakly but certainly contributes to the degradation of non-tagged endogenous Nup1 in cells defective in NPC biogenesis by the deletion of NUP120. In addition, the overexpression of SAN1 exacerbated the growth defect phenotype of nup120Δ cells, which may be caused by excess degradation of defective Nups due to the deletion of NUP120. These biochemical and genetic data suggest that San1 is involved in the degradation of non-native nucleoporins generated by genetic mutation or when NPC biogenesis is impaired.

Keywords: Nuclear pore complex; San1; degradation; heat stress; ubiquitin-proteasome system

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae017

Mol Plant Pathol. 2024 Jan;25(1): e13422

Importin α2 participates in RNA interference against bamboo mosaic virus accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana via NbAGO10a-mediated small RNA clearance.

Jiun-Da Wang, Yau-Heiu Hsu, Yun-Shien Lee, Na-Sheng Lin.

Karyopherins, the nucleocytoplasmic transporters, participate in multiple RNA silencing stages by transporting associated proteins into the nucleus. Importin α is a member of karyopherins and has been reported to facilitate virus infection via nuclear import of viral proteins. Unlike other RNA viruses, silencing of importin α2 (α2i) by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) boosted the titre of bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) in protoplasts, and inoculated and systemic leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The enhanced BaMV accumulation in importin α2i plants was linked to reduced levels of RDR6-dependent secondary virus-derived small-interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). Small RNA-seq revealed importin α2 silencing did not affect the abundance of siRNAs derived from host mRNAs but significantly reduced the 21 and 22 nucleotide vsiRNAs in BaMV-infected plants. Deletion of BaMV TGBp1, an RNA silencing suppressor, compromised importin α2i-mediated BaMV enhancement. Moreover, silencing of importin α2 upregulated NbAGO10a, a proviral protein recruited by TGBp1 for BaMV vsiRNAs clearance, but hindered the nuclear import of NbAGO10a. Taken together, these results indicate that importin α2 acts as a negative regulator of BaMV invasion by controlling the expression and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of NbAGO10a, which removes vsiRNAs via the TGBp1-NbAGO10a-SDN1 pathway. Our findings reveal the hidden antiviral mechanism of importin α2 in countering BaMV infection in N. benthamiana.

Keywords: AGO10; BaMV; RNA silencing; importin α; vsiRNAs

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13422

Commun Biol. 2024 01 30. 7(1): 138

The crystal structure of SUN1-KASH6 reveals an asymmetric LINC complex architecture compatible with nuclear membrane insertion.

Manickam Gurusaran, Benedikte S Erlandsen, Owen R Davies.

The LINC complex transmits cytoskeletal forces into the nucleus to control the structure and movement of nuclear contents. It is formed of nuclear SUN and cytoplasmic KASH proteins, which interact within the nuclear lumen, immediately below the outer nuclear membrane. However, the symmetrical location of KASH molecules within SUN-KASH complexes in previous crystal structures has been difficult to reconcile with the steric requirements for insertion of their immediately upstream transmembrane helices into the outer nuclear membrane. Here, we report the crystal structure of the SUN-KASH complex between SUN1 and JAW1/LRMP (KASH6) in an asymmetric 9:6 configuration. This intertwined assembly involves two distinct KASH conformations such that all six KASH molecules emerge on the same molecular surface. Hence, they are ideally positioned for insertion of upstream sequences into the outer nuclear membrane. Thus, we report a SUN-KASH complex architecture that appears to be directly compatible with its biological role.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-05794-6